1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is a colorless odorless liquid. Nonflammable.
颜色/状态:
Colorless
沸点:
46.8 °C
熔点:
-101.2 °C
溶解度:
In water, 850 mg/l @ 24 °C
密度:
1.4163 g/cu cm @ 20 °C
蒸汽压力:
340 mm Hg @ 25 °C
大气OH速率常数:
1.60e-14 cm3/molecule*sec
分解:
When heated to decomp it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride/.
计算性质
辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
2.2
重原子数:
6
可旋转键数:
1
环数:
0.0
sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
1.0
拓扑面积:
0
氢给体数:
0
氢受体数:
2
ADMET
代谢
预计HCFCs将通过细胞色素P-450依赖的单加氧酶肝脏酶代谢,产生反应性代谢产物。
... It is expected that /HCFCs/ would be metabolized by a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase liver enzyme to give reactive metabolic products. /HCFCs/
In a metabolism study using intraperitoneal admin of HCFC 132b to rats, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethylglucuronide, chlorodifluoroacetaldehyde (hydrated & conjugated) & chlorodifluoroacetic acid were identified in the urine. Formation & excretion of chlorodifluoroacetic acid were incr after repeated injection of the animals with HCFC 132b. In vitro experiments using rat liver microsomes suggested the involvement of cytochrome P-450 IIEI in the initial hydroxylation step. No evidence for covalent binding of fluorinated metabolites to liver proteins has been observed.
The chlorofluorocarbon substitute 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) is subject to metabolism by cytochrome p450 in hepatic microsomes from rat, rabbit, and human. In rat and rabbit, the p450 form 2E1 is a predominant low-KM, high-rate catalyst of HFC-134a biotranformation and is prominently involved in the metabolism of other tetrahaloalkanes of greater toxicity than HFC-134a (e.g. 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-132b)). In this study, we determined that the human ortholog of p450 2E1 plays a role of similar importance in the metabolism of HFC-134a. In human hepatic microsomes from 12 individuals, preparations from subjects with relatively high p450 2E1 levels were shown to metabolize HFC-134a at rates 5- to 10-fold greater than microsomes of individuals with lower levels of this enzyme; the increased rate of metabolism of HFC-134a was specifically linked to increased expression of p450 2E1. The primary evidence for the conclusion is drawn from studies using mechanism-based inactivation of p450 2E1 by diethyldithiocarbamate, competitive inhibition of HFC-134a oxidation by p-nitrophenol (a high-affinity substrate for p450 2E1), strong positive correlations of rates of HFC-134a defluorination with p-nitrophenol hydroxylation in the study population, and correlation of p450 2E1 levels with rates of halocarbon oxidation. Thus, our findings support the conclusion that human metabolism of HFC-134a is qualitatively similar to that of the species (rat and rabbit) used for toxicological assessment of this halocarbon. Although hazard from HFC-134a exposure is not anticipated in most humans (based on toxicological evaluation in laboratory animals), our results suggest that HFC-134a exposure should be minimized for individuals with chemical exposure histories commensurate with elevation of p450 2E1 (i.e. frequent contact with agents such as ethanol, trichloroethylene, or pyridine). Furthermore, these findings suggest that toxicity assessment of certain other haloethanes currently under consideration as replacements for chlorofluorocarbons should be considered in animals with elevated p450 2E1.
1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane (HCFC-131a), 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-132b), and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (HCFC-133a) were chosen as models for comparative metabolism studies on 1,1,1,2-tetrahaloethanes, which are under consideration as replacements for ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Male Fischer 344 rats were given 10 mmol/kg ip 1-fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane or 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane or exposed by inhalation to 1% 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane for 2 hr. Urine collected in the first 24 hr after exposure was analyzed by 19F NMR and GC/MS and with a fluoride-selective ion electrode for the formation of fluorine-containing metabolites. Metabolites of 1-fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane included 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl glucuronide, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl sulfate, dichlorofluoroacetic acid, and inorganic fluoride. Metabolites of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane were characterized as 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl glucuronide, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl sulfate, chlorodifluoroacetic acid, chlorodifluoroacetaldehyde hydrate, chlorodifluoroacetaldehyde-urea adduct, and inorganic fluoride. 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-chloroethane was metabolized to 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl glucuronide, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetaldehyde hydrate, trifluoroacetaldehyde-urea adduct, inorganic fluoride, and a minor, unidentified metabolite. With 1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane, glucuronide conjugates of 2,2,2-trihaloethanols were the major urinary metabolites, whereas with 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane, a trifluoroacetaldehyde-urea adduct was the major urinary metabolite. Analysis of metabolite distribution in vivo indicated that aldehydic metabolites increased as fluorine substitution increased in the order 1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane < 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane < 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane. With NADPH-fortified rat liver microsomes, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane and 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane were biotransformed to trifluoroacetaldehyde and chlorodifluoroacetaldehyde, respectively, whereas 1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane was converted to dichlorofluoroacetic acid. No covalently bound metabolites of 1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane metabolites were detected by 19F NMR spectroscopy. The nature of the identified organic fluorine-containing metabolites indicates that cytochrome p450-dependent oxidation predominates in the metabolism of these 1,1,1,2-tetrahaloethanes. The generation of fluoride from the fluorodihalomethyl group (-CFX2) apparently arises from a separate dehalogenation pathway.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
副作用
神经毒素 - 急性溶剂综合症
Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
毒理性
毒性数据
低浓度致死值(大鼠)= 20,000 ppm/4小时
LCLo (rat) = 20,000 ppm/4h
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
IF INHALATION OCCURS, EPINEPHRINE OR OTHER SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES & ADRENERGIC ACTIVATORS SHOULD NOT BE ADMIN SINCE THEY WILL FURTHER SENSITIZE HEART TO DEVELOPMENT OF ARRHYTHMIAS. /FLUOROCARBONS/
... THE COMBINATION OF FLUOROCARBON WITH A SYMPATHOMIMETIC BRONCHODILATOR IS POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. FOR THE SAME REASON, SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS ARE CONTRAINDICATED IN CARDIAC RESUSCITATION OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM FLUOROCARBON POISONING. /FLUOROCARBON POISONING/
... Emergency treatment is supportive and includes decontamination, oxygen, and any specific therapy required in a particular case such as antiarrhythmics or anticonvulsants. A few patients may require intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, dialysis, or treatment for hepatic failure. /Solvent abuse/
... MAIN FACTOR AFFECTING FATE OF FLUOROCARBONS IS BODY FAT, WHERE THEY ARE CONCENTRATED & SLOWLY RELEASED INTO BLOOD @ CONCN THAT SHOULD NOT CAUSE ANY RISK OF CARDIAC SENSITIZATION. /FLUOROCARBONS/
THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT ACCUMULATION OF FLUOROCARBONS IN BRAIN, LIVER & LUNG COMPARED TO BLOOD LEVELS, SIGNIFYING A TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF FLUOROCARBONS SIMILAR TO THAT OF CHLOROFORM. /FLUOROCARBONS/
Absorption of fluorocarbons is much lower after oral ingestion (35-48 times) than after inhalation. ... The lung generally has the highest fluorocarbon concentrations on autopsy. /Fluorocarbons/
Although fluorocarbons cause cardiac sensitization in certain animal species, rapid elimination prevents the development of cardiotoxic concentrations from aerosol bronchodilator use except at exceedingly high doses (12 to 24 doses in 2 minutes). /Fluorocarbons/
FLUOROCARBON COMPOUNDS ARE LIPID-SOLUBLE AND THUS ARE GENERALLY WELL ABSORBED THROUGH LUNG. ABSORPTION AFTER INGESTION IS 35 TO 48 TIMES LOWER THAN AFTER INHALATION. ... FLUOROCARBONS ARE ELIMINATED BY WAY OF LUNG. /FLUOROCARBON COMPOUNDS/
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Haloalkoxy anilide derivatives of 2-4(-heterocyclic oxyphenoxy)alkanoic
申请人:DowElanco
公开号:US05250690A1
公开(公告)日:1993-10-05
The present invention is directed to novel substituted aniline compounds, the optically active isomers of said compounds, compositions containing said compounds, and the use of these compounds in the selective kill and control of grassy weeds in the presence of valuable crop plants, especially corn plants.
The current invention discloses halogenated amidino amino acid derivatives useful as nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
本发明公开了作为一氧化氮合酶抑制剂有用的卤代酰胺氨基酸衍生物及其药用可接受的盐。
Room-temperature catalytic fluorination of C1 and C2 chlorocarbons and chlorohydrocarbons on fluorinated Fe3O4 and Co3O4
作者:James Thomson
DOI:10.1039/ft9949003585
日期:——
A study of the room-temperature reactions of a series of C1 and C2 chlorohydrocarbon and chlorocarbon substrate molecules with fluorinated iron (II, III) oxide and cobalt (II, III) oxide has been conducted. The results show that fluorinated iron(II, III) oxide exhibits an ability to incorporate fluorine into the following substrates in the order: Cl2CCCl2 > H2CCCl2 > CH3CCl3 > CHCl3 > CH2Cl2 > CH2ClCCl3 > CCI4 > CHCl2CHCl2. The fluorinated cobalt(II,III) oxide gave the reactivity series CHCl3 > CCl4 > H2CCCl2 > CHCl2CHCl2 > CH2CI2 > CH3CCl3 > CCl2CCl2 > CH2ClCl3. Reactions of C1 chlorohydrocarbon or chlorocarbon probe molecules with fluorinated Fe3O4 gave predominately C1 chlorofluorohydrocarbon and chlorofluorocarbon products, respectively, whereas fluorinated cobalt(II, III) oxide produced predominately C2 chlorofluorohydrocarbon and chlorofluorocarbons. For fluorinated Co3O4 the distribution of C2 products obtained from C1 chlorohydrocarbon precursor molecules is consistent with the formation of radical intermediates at strong Lewis acid surfaces. C2 chlorohydrocarbons exhibit a fluorine for chlorine (F-for-Cl) exchange reaction through the catalytic dehydrochlorination of the substrate to the alkenic intermediate. The F-for-Cl exchange process was dependent upon the ability of the substrate material to undergo dehydrochlorination; the inability of a substrate to undergo dehydrochlorination results in the fluorination process proceeding through the formation of chlorocarbon or chlorohydrocarbon radical intermediates.
Reaction of bistrifluoromethylaminosulphenyl chloride with fluoro-olefins and hexafluorobut-2-yne under free-radical conditions
作者:Colin F. Service、Anthony E. Tipping
DOI:10.1016/s0022-1139(00)84027-0
日期:1982.3
Reaction of bistrifluoromethylaminosulphenyl chloride with unsymmetrical fluoro-olefins in daylight or under photochemical conditions gives both possible 1:1 adducts (ca. 1:1 ratio) arising from homolytic fission of the SCl bond. Addition to octafluorobut-2-ene and hexafluorobut-2-yne gives mixtures of the syn- and anti- adducts.