Interaction of knowledge-driven and data-driven processing in category learning
摘要:
The present paper argues that category learning is both a data-driven and a knowledge-driven process. This is described in a generic model that distinguishes between categorical knowledge, conceptual knowledge, and implicit cognitive theories. The model assumes that each of these knowledge aspects may affect the process of category learning by affecting the way similarities between objects are perceived. This central assumption of the model is tested in two experiments. The first experiment shows that the presence or absence of prior categorical acid conceptual knowledge affects the psychological stimulus space by changing the saliency of the stimulus dimensions. The second experiment uses these weights to predict the distribution of errors over the stimuli and the number of trials to criterion in category learning by other participants under the same knowledge conditions. We conclude that prior categorical and conceptual knowledge affect category learning by mediation of similarity perception, and discuss the implications of these results.
Preparation of some 2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-yl ketones. Strong preference for the norcaradiene isomer in the case of the 2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-yl t-butyl ketone
作者:G. Boche、R. Eiben
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)94872-x
日期:1985.1
t-Butyl, i-propyl and phenyl 2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-yl ketone (=1a},=c},=d}, respectively) have been synthesized. At −139°C, rather unexpectedly, the t-butyl ketone =1a} exists in a 1:1 equilibrium with its norcaradiene isomer =2a}.
Facile syntheses of 2,4,6-cycloheptatrienyl ketones
作者:Kurt Ritter、Michael Hanack
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)94871-8
日期:1985.1
6-cycloheptatrienyl ketones – by two alternative routes is reported: Route 1): The adducts from the phenyl(trimethylsiloxy)-acetonitriles , known as “umpolung” reagents, and tropylium tetrafluoroborate are cleaved by triethylammonium fluoride to form the aromatic cycloheptatrienyl ketones –. Route 2): the phenyl, methyl, and cyclopropyl ketone (, , ) are prepared by treatment of the acid chloride with the corresponding