A process for preparing heterocyclic carbenes of the ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are individually saturated or unsaturated, straight chain, branched or cyclic, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylidene, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylidine, C.sub.7 -C.sub.19 aralkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 alkyl groups, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can also stand for hydrogen or form jointly anellated, substituted or unsubstituted groups with between 3 and 7 carbon atoms and X stands for carbon or nitrogen, R.sup.3 being dropped if X is nitrogen comprising reacting azolium salts with a deprotonizing reagent in pure liquid ammonia or in pure organic amine or a mixture of liquid ammonia or an organic amine and an organic polar-aprotic solvent which are a plurality of temperature-sensitive carbenes are produced under mild reaction conditions at temperatures of between -75 and 0.degree. C.
一种制备含杂环卡宾的方法,其中R.sup.1,R.sup.2,R.sup.3和R.sup.4分别为饱和或不饱和、直链、支链或环状、未取代或取代的C.sub.1-C.sub.10烷基、C.sub.2-C.sub.5烷基亚甲基、C.sub.2-C.sub.5烷基
亚胺基、C.sub.7-C.sub.19芳基烷基或C.sub.6-C.sub.14烷基基团,R.sup.3和R.sup.4也可以代表氢或共同形成有3至7个碳原子的环状、取代或未取代基团,X代表碳或氮,如果X是氮,则省略R.sup.3,包括在纯液
氨或纯有机胺或液
氨或有机胺和有机极性无
水溶剂的混合物中使用去质子化试剂与唑盐反应,在温度为-75至0℃的温和反应条件下产生多种温度敏感的卡宾。