Ti III和Bu t OOH在流动系统中的反应在水溶液中生成了叔丁氧基。提出的证据表明,尽管在这些条件下(k > 10 6 dm 3 mol –1 s –1),Bu t O·向Me·和丙酮的裂解迅速,但竞争的加成反应(如对乙烯基醚,呋喃的竞争))和提取反应(使用醇类)可以进行表征。卜ŤO·在反应中显示出亲电性,与·OH相似,但与丙-2-烯-1-醇反应时,与·OH不同,它经历了抽象而不是加成反应。在非常低的pH值下,叔丁氧基行为的变化归因于质子化的对应物Bu t OH + the的形成和反应。
Hemi-Labile Ligands in Organolithium Chemistry: Rate Studies of the LDA-Mediated α- and β-Metalations of Epoxides
摘要:
Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA)-mediated alpha- and beta-eliminations of epoxides an described. A comparison between LDA/n-BuOMe mixtures and LDA/MeOCH2CH2NMe2 (LDA/3) mixtures reveals that the LDA dimer solvated by the "hemi-labile" amino ether 3 imparts dramatic rate accelerations, alters relative efficacies of monomer- and dimer-based metalations, and influences the partitioning between alpha- and beta-metalation. The alpha-elimination of exo-norbornene oxide by LDA/n-BuOMe and LDA/3 proceeds exclusively via a dimer-based pathway with a transition structure, [(R2NLi)(2)(epoxide)(ligand)](double dagger). The beta-elimination of tetramethylethylene oxide by LDA/n-BuOMe and LDA/3 proceeds exclusively via a monomer-based pathway with a transition structure, [(R2NLi)(epoxide)(ligand)](double dagger). cis-Cyclooctene epoxide reacts with LDA/3 to give two products: (1) a bicyclooctanol derived from an alpha-metalation and a dimer-based transition structure, [(R2NLi)(2)(epoxide)(ligand)](double dagger), and (2) 2-cycloocten-1-ol derived from both a monomer-based transition structure, [(R2NLi)(epoxide)(ligand)](double dagger), and a dimer-based transition structure, [(R2NLi)(2)(epoxide)(ligand)](double dagger). Possible geometries of the transition structures are discussed. Hemi-labile ligands that chelate lithium only at the rate-limiting transition structures maximize both the reaction rates and the mechanistic transparency.
Compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, kits and methods are provided for use with Renin that comprise a compound selected from the group consisting of: wherein the variables are as defined herein.
CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
申请人:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
公开号:US20160031908A1
公开(公告)日:2016-02-04
Disclosed are novel compounds and a method of treating a disease associated with aberrant leukocyte recruitment and/or activation. The method comprises administering to a subject in need an effective amount of a compound represented by:
or physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
CYCLOALKYLIDENE AND HETEROCYCLOALKYLIDENE INHIBITOR COMPOUNDS
申请人:Melvin, JR. Lawrence S.
公开号:US20100022543A1
公开(公告)日:2010-01-28
The present invention provides a compound of general Formula (I) having histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, and a method useful to treat diseases using the compound.
The present invention relates to compounds that are inhibitors of c-jun N-terminal kinase 1, 2, or 3 (JNK1, JNK2, or JNK3), compositions containing the compounds and the use of the compounds in the prevention or treatment of disorders regulated by the activation of JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3.
The present invention provides a compound of general Formula (I) having histone deacetylase (HDAC) and/or Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitory activity, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, and a method useful to treat diseases using the compound.