At 24 hr after injection into rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1-chloroethane was metabolized at level of 0.5% to 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene; the latter was not metabolized further.
Groups of 5 or 10 rainbow trout fry weighing approx 1 g were injected im with P,P'-DDMS, P,P'-DDNU, P,P'-DDMU. P,P'(14)C-DDMS was dehydrochlorinated to p,p'-DDMU. Second exposure did not confirm. P,P'-DDMU appears to be one of end products of DDT metabolism by trout.
In rats, DDD is rapidly detoxified by way of DDMU to 1-chloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDMS) and then to DDNU. Metabolism of DDMS to DDNU occurs in both the liver and kidney, but the kidney is the primary site.
... Perfusion of isolated rat liver with p,p'-isomer of carbon labeled DDT, DDE, DDD, DDMU(1-chloro-bis(p- chlorophenyl)ethylene), or DDMS(1-chloro-2,2-bis(p- chlorophenyl)ethane), indicates that DDT is converted only as far as p, p'-DDNU(unsym-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene) in this organ.
Principal products formed when DDT was incubated anaerobically with resting cell suspensions or cell-free preparations of Hydrogenomonas sp. included TDE, DDE, DBP (dichlorobenzophenone), and 1-chloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane. Addition of both fresh resting cells and oxygen to the reaction mixture resulted in the synthesis of p-chlorophenylacetic acid, demonstrating cleavage of a DDT ring by a single organism.
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
Other Poison - Organochlorine
Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Oils should not be used as either cathartics or dermal cleansing agents, as they increase absorption. Gastric lavage and use of activated charcoal and sodium sulfate are indicated for ingestion. If dermal exposure occurred, contaminated clothes should be removed, and the skin should be thoroughly cleansed with soap and water. Management of seizures in both children and adults is with Valium or phenobarbital. Respiratory depression and even respiratory arrest, especially with concomitant use of Valium and phenobarbital in children, may occur. These drugs preferably should be used only in critical care areas where emergency endotracheal intubation can be performed. /It is recommended/ that epinephrine not be utilized in patients with organochlorine poisoning, as the organochlorines induce myocardial irritability and ventricular arrhythmias may occur. However, dopamine may be necessary in the event of hypotension unresponsive to fluid administration, and epinephrine may be necessary in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest. /Organochlorine insecticides/
Persons exceptionally exposed to organochlorine pesticides by any route should be observed for sensory disturbances, incoordination, speech slurring, mental aberrations, and involuntary motor activity that would warn of imminent convulsions. If convulsions occur, place the victim in the left lateral decubitus position with the head down. Move away furniture or other solid objects that may be a source of injury. If jaw movements are violent, place padded tongue blades between the teeth to protect the tongue. Whenever possible, remove dentures and other removable dental work. Aspirate oral and pharyngeal secretions, and, when possible, insert an oropharyngeal airway to maintain an open passage unobstructed by the tongue. Minimize noise and any manipulation of the patient that may trigger seizure activity. Administer oxygen by mask. Maintain pulmonary gas exchange by mechanically assisted ventilation whenever respiration is depressed. /Solid organochlorine insecticides/
/GENOTOXICITY/ ... DDT and 13 of its metabolites or putative synthetic derivatives, including 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene (DDE), 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2-chloroethylene (DDMU), 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2-chloroethane (DDMS)-DDNU, 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethanol (DDOH), bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (DDA) and 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol (Kelthane), caused no mutagenic effects in S. typhimurium TA100 or TA98, either in the presence or absence of a mouse liver microsomal fraction. Kelthane acetate (1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethyl acetate) was a direct-acting mutagen in strain TA100, whereas 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane (DDD) was mutagenic in TA98 only in the presence of mouse liver microsomes.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
生态毒性摘录
/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ 在11种与DDT相关的物质中,p,p'-DDMS在因中毒而死亡的潜鸟(Gavia immer)的尸体中以34 ppm湿重存在。
/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Of 11 DDT related substances, p,p'-DDMS was present at 34 ppm wet wt in carcass of fatally poisoned loon (Gavia immer).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
有机氯化合物以不同程度从肠道、肺部和通过皮肤被吸收。/固体有机氯化合物/
In varying degrees, organochlorines are absorbed from the gut and also by the lung and across the skin. /Soild Organochlorines/
Chemoselective Homologation–Deoxygenation Strategy Enabling the Direct Conversion of Carbonyls into (<i>n+1</i>)-Halomethyl-Alkanes
作者:Margherita Miele、Andrea Citarella、Thierry Langer、Ernst Urban、Martin Zehl、Wolfgang Holzer、Laura Ielo、Vittorio Pace
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02831
日期:2020.10.2
The sequential installation of a carbenoid and a hydride into a carbonyl, furnishing halomethyl alkyl derivatives, is reported. Despite the employment of carbenoids as nucleophiles in reactions with carbon-centered electrophiles, sp3-type alkyl halides remain elusive materials for selective one-carbon homologations. Our tactic levers on using carbonyls as starting materials and enables uniformly high
Significant enhancement of visible light photocatalytic activity of the hybrid B<sub>12</sub>-PIL/rGO in the presence of Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup> for DDT dehalogenation
作者:Ying Sun、Wei Zhang、Jian Tong、Yu Zhang、Shuyao Wu、Daliang Liu、Hisashi Shimakoshi、Yoshio Hisaeda、Xi-Ming Song
DOI:10.1039/c7ra02062g
日期:——
A new hybrid catalyst, B12-PIL/rGO, was prepared. It exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for DDT dechlorination in the presence of Ru(bpy)32+.
Rh(<scp>iii</scp>)-Catalysed solvent-free hydrodehalogenation of alkyl halides by tertiary silanes
作者:N. Almenara、S. Azpeitia、M. A. Garralda、M. A. Huertos
DOI:10.1039/c8dt03703e
日期:——
Efficient catalytic reduction of CDCl3 and other alkyl halides, including persistent organic pollutants, by different tertiary silanes using the unsaturated silyl-hydrido-Rh(III) complex Rh(H)[SiMe2(o-C6H4SMe)](PPh3)2}[BArF4] as a pre-catalyst is accomplished. The reactions are performed in a solvent-free manner. On account of experimental evidence, a simplified catalytic cycle is suggested for the
使用不饱和甲硅烷基-氢化物-Rh(III)配合物Rh(H)[SiMe 2(o -C 6 H 4 SMe)] ,通过不同的叔硅烷有效催化还原CDCl 3和其他烷基卤,包括持久性有机污染物。完成了作为预催化剂的(PPh 3)2 } [BAr F 4 ]。反应以无溶剂的方式进行。由于实验证据,建议简化的催化循环用于CDCl 3的加氢脱卤。
B<sub>12</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub>Hybrid Catalyst for Dehalogenation of Organic Halides
acid, was effectively immobilized on TiO 2 , and the hybrid Ti0 2 was characterized by UV―vis, XPS, MALDI-TOFMS as well as TEM analysis. The hybrid Ti0 2 exhibits high reactivity for dehalogenation of various organichalides such as phenethyl bromide, benzyl bromide, and 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) under irradiation with UV light at room temperature.
Electrochemical dechlorination of 4,4′-(2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diyl)bis(chlorobenzene) (DDT) at silver cathodes
作者:Caitlyn M. McGuire、Dennis G. Peters
DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.127
日期:2014.8
investigate the reduction of 4,4′-(2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diyl)bis(chlorobenzene) (DDT) at silvercathodes in dimethylformamide (DMF) containing 0.050 M tetramethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TMABF4). In addition, this work has been extended to the individual reductions of two degradation products, namely 4,4′-(2,2-dichloroethane-1,1-diyl)bis(chlorobenzene) (DDD) and 4,4′-(ethene-1,1-diyl)bis(chlorobenzene)
循环伏安法和控制电位(本体)电解已用于研究在二甲基甲酰胺中银阴极上4,4'-(2,2,2-三氯乙烷-1,1-二基)双(氯苯)(DDT)的还原(DMF)含有0.050 M四氟硼酸四甲基铵(TMABF 4)。此外,这项工作已扩展到两种降解产物的单独还原,即4,4'-(2,2-二氯乙烷-1,1-二基)双(氯苯)(DDD)和4,4'-(乙烯-1,1-二基)双(氯苯)(DDNU)。在100 mV s -1的扫描速率下,用于在银电极上不可逆还原DDT的循环伏安图在DMF和CH 3中显示四个突出的阴极峰CN和DMSO中三个突出的阴极峰。另一方面,在DMF–0.050 M TMABF 4中,银处DDD和DDNU的减少分别显示了四个和两个不可逆的峰。与玻璃碳相比,DDT的–CCl 3部分和DDD的–CHCl 2部分的碳-氯键更容易还原。在DMF–0.050 M TMABF 4中的银丝网阴极上的DDT大量电解提供了包括DDD,DDNU,4