摘要:
In the present study, we carried out Mannich-type reaction to synthesize clioquinol-derived 7-methylarylsulfonylpiperazine analogs with improved growth-inhibitory effects. 11 bearing 5-nitro group on the quinoline ring exhibited 26-fold more potent than that of clioquinol against HeLa cells with a GI(50) value of 0.71 mu M. In addition, 11 revealed synergistic effects on the growth inhibition of HeLa cells with GI(50) values of 0.65, 0.25, and 0.06 mu M in the presence of 1, 10, and 50 mu M copper, respectively. Consistent to the clioquinol-mediated apoptosis, mechanistic study indicates that 9- and 11-induced growth inhibition is attributed to caspase-dependent pathway. Detection of reactive oxygen species in response to clioquinol, 9 and 11 confirmed that ROS was dramatically stimulated in the presence of copper and partially abolished upon treatment of 1 mM tempol. Further study indicated that 9- and 11-mediated induction of oxidative stress by ROS generation resulted in the activation MAPK pathway. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.