Ruthenium-catalyzed heteroannulation of anilines with alkanolammonium chlorides leading to indoles
作者:Chan Sik Cho、Jin Hwang Kim、Tae-Jeong Kim、Sang Chul Shim
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00202-2
日期:2001.4
Anilines react with alkanolammonium chlorides in an aqueous medium (H2O–dioxane) at 180°C in the presence of a catalytic amount of a ruthenium catalyst together with SnCl2·2H2O to afford the corresponding indoles in moderate to good yields. Especially, when triisopropanolammonium chloride is employed to react with anilines, 2-methylindoles are formed regioselectively. The presence of SnCl2·2H2O is
Ruthenium-catalyzed synthesis of indoles from anilines and trialkanolammonium chlorides in an aqueous medium
作者:Chan Sik Cho、Jin Hwang Kim、Sang Chul Shim
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00035-6
日期:2000.3
Anilines react with trialkanolammonium chlorides in an aqueous medium (H2O–dioxane) at 180°C in the presence of a catalytic amount of ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate and triphenylphosphine together with tin(II) chloride dihydrate to afford the corresponding indoles in good yields.
3-arylindole derivatives and their use as CB2 receptor agonists
申请人:Sanofi-Aventis
公开号:US06995184B2
公开(公告)日:2006-02-07
A subject-matter of the present invention is compounds of formula:
and their preparation and the pharmaceutical compositions comprising them. These compounds are agonists for CB2 cannabinoid receptors.
Reaction pathway in the vapour-phase synthesis of indole and alkylindoles
作者:M CAMPANATI、S FRANCESCHINI、O PICCOLO、A VACCARI
DOI:10.1016/j.jcat.2005.02.014
日期:2005.5.15
The vapour-phase synthesis of indole and its derivatives from aniline or alkylanilines and ethylene glycol or other diols was investigated with the use of a novel ZrO2/SiO2 (5:95 w/w) catalyst to check the applicability of this synthesis to a wide number of alkylindoles. During feeding with alkylaniline, the above catalyst showed catalytic results better than those reported in the literature, and a very good regenerability. In particular, with ethylene glycol, the best yields in the corresponding indoles were obtained when a C-2-C-3 alkyl chain was located in the ortho position to the amino group. The differences in reactivity between aniline and alkylaniline were significantly reduced when the length of the diol chain was increased and eliminated with 2,3-butanediol. On the basis of the above data and those collected sharing the synthesis in single steps, a possible overall reaction pathway was proposed to design a better tailor-made catalyst. It was also indicated that the formation of heavy compounds, which are able to deactivate the catalyst, were not derived from the reagents or the following reactions on the indole formed, but might be mainly attributed to the polycondensation of an aldehyde intermediate. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Stroh; Hahn, Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1959, vol. 623, p. 176,182