Samarium(II) iodide-induced reductive cyclization of unactivated olefinic ketones. Sequential radical cyclization/intermolecular nucleophilic addition and substitution reactions
摘要:
Samarium(II) iodide in the presence of HMPA effectively promotes the intramolecular coupling of unactivated olefinic ketones by a reductive ketyl-olefin radical-cyclization process. The reaction is quite general for the formation of 5- and 6-membered carbocycles and even provides modest yields in less facile cyclization processes as evidenced by the generation of methylcyclooctanol via an 8-endo cyclization. Sequential radical cyclization-intermolecular nucleophilic addition/substitution processes set the SmI2 reaction apart from its radical-chain, photochemical, and electrochemical counterparts. In addition to delineating the synthetic potential of this reaction, the role played by HMPA in enhancing SmI2 reactivity has been further refined, and a model correlating the high diastereoselectivity and product distribution in SmI2-promoted reductive coupling processes with HMPA concentration has been established.
Bis(pyridine)iodonium Tetrafluoroborate (IPy2BF4): A Versatile Oxidizing Reagent
作者:José Barluenga、Francisco González-Bobes、Marcelo C. Murguía、Sreenivasa R. Ananthoju、José M. González
DOI:10.1002/chem.200400136
日期:2004.9.6
The use of bis(pyridine)iodoniumtetrafluoroborate (IPy(2)BF(4)) as an oxidizing agent towards different types of alcohols is reported. The observed reactivity involves different reaction pathways, as a function both of the structures of the starting materials and of the experimental conditions. Interestingly, the title iodine-containing compound is capable of a tuneable reaction with simple cycloalkanols
Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is 0 or 1, R is lower alkyl (substituted or unsubstituted), R' is H or lower alkyl, and R" is a branched alkyl, alkyl-cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl (poly=2 or more, fused or non-fused), phenyl or alkyl-substituted phenyl, and physiologically acceptable cationic and acid addition salts thereof, which compounds are potent sweeteners. These derivatives of gem-diaminoalkanes are many times sweeter than sugar and are free from undesirable flavor qualities. Furthermore, they possess an unanticipated high degree of solubility compared with known synthetic sweeteners. In addition, the compounds possess high stability so that they can be used in all types of beverages and in conventional food processing. Sweetening compositions and sweetened edible compositions of these compounds are also provided.
Compounds of the formula:
wherein n is 0 or 1, R is lower alkyl (substituted or unsubstituted), R' is H or lower alkyl, and R" is a branched alkyl, alkyl-cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl (poly = 2 or more, fused or non-fused), phenyl or alkyl-substituted phenyl, and physiologically acceptable cationic and acid addition salts thereof, which compounds are potent sweeteners. These derivatives of gem-diaminoalkanes are many times sweeter than sugar and are free from undesirable flavor qualities. Furthermore, they possess an unanticipated high degree of solubility compared with known synthetic sweeteners. In addition, the compounds possess high stability so that they can be used in all types of beverages and in conventional food processing. Sweetening compositions and sweetened edible compositions of these compounds are also provided.
式中的化合物:
其中 n 为 0 或 1,R 为低级烷基(取代或未取代),R'为 H 或低级烷基,R "为支链烷基、烷基-环烷基、环烷基、多环烷基(多 = 2 或更多,融合或未融合)、苯基或烷基取代的苯基,以及生理上可接受的阳离子盐和酸加成盐,这些化合物是强效甜味剂。这些宝石二氨基烷烃衍生物的甜度比糖高出许多倍,而且没有不良味道。此外,与已知的合成甜味剂相比,它们还具有意想不到的高溶解度。此外,这些化合物还具有很高的稳定性,因此可用于各类饮料和传统的食品加工中。此外,还提供了这些化合物的甜味组合物和甜味食用组合物。
Novel intermediates useful in the production of gem-diaminoalkane derived sweeteners
申请人:CUMBERLAND PACKING CORPORATION
公开号:EP0242896A2
公开(公告)日:1987-10-28
The present invention relates to novel intermediates for use in the production of compounds forming the subject matter of parent Application No. 84302978.6 (Publication No. 0128654).
Such intermediate compounds comprise 2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentanone 1,2,2,5,5-pentamethylcyclopentanol 1-methytene-2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentane 2,2,5,5-tetra- methyVcyclopentylmethanol 2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid
The present invention provides a process for making hydrocarbyloxymagnesium halides by reacting in an inert atmosphere under anhydrous conditions activated magnesium metal with an oxygen containing compound of 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an anhydrous hydrogen halide to produce a hydrocarbyloxymagnesium halide.