Desulfurization with nickel and cobalt boride: scope, selectivity, stereochemistry, and deuterium-labeling studies
摘要:
A variety of organosulfur compounds containing alkylthio and arylthio groups underwent reductive desulfurization under notably mild conditions when treated with nickel boride, generated in situ from nickel chloride hexahydrate and sodium borohydride in methanol-THF(3:1). Phenyl,chloro, and ester groups are not reduced under these conditions, while iodo, bromo, nitrile, aldehyde, ketone, cyclopropane, and olefinic functions are reduced either completely or partially. Deuterium-labeling studies indicate that the hydrogen that is incorporated into the product originates from both the sodium borohydride and the protic solvent, suggesting the intermediacy of dihydrogen. The epimers 3alpha- and 3beta-(phenylthio)cholestane afforded 3alpha- and 3beta-deuteriocholestane, respectively, demonstrating that the reaction proceeds with retention of configuration. The method may thus be employed for the stereospecific preparation of deuterated products from organosulfur compounds. Arguments are presented in support of a tentative mechanism involving an oxidative addition-reductive elimination sequence via a nickel hydride intermediate.
Desulfurization with nickel and cobalt boride: scope, selectivity, stereochemistry, and deuterium-labeling studies
摘要:
A variety of organosulfur compounds containing alkylthio and arylthio groups underwent reductive desulfurization under notably mild conditions when treated with nickel boride, generated in situ from nickel chloride hexahydrate and sodium borohydride in methanol-THF(3:1). Phenyl,chloro, and ester groups are not reduced under these conditions, while iodo, bromo, nitrile, aldehyde, ketone, cyclopropane, and olefinic functions are reduced either completely or partially. Deuterium-labeling studies indicate that the hydrogen that is incorporated into the product originates from both the sodium borohydride and the protic solvent, suggesting the intermediacy of dihydrogen. The epimers 3alpha- and 3beta-(phenylthio)cholestane afforded 3alpha- and 3beta-deuteriocholestane, respectively, demonstrating that the reaction proceeds with retention of configuration. The method may thus be employed for the stereospecific preparation of deuterated products from organosulfur compounds. Arguments are presented in support of a tentative mechanism involving an oxidative addition-reductive elimination sequence via a nickel hydride intermediate.
a triple catalysis consisting of photoredox, cobalt, and Brønsted acid catalysts under visible light irradiation. The triple catalysis realizes three key elementary steps in a single catalytic cycle: (1) Co(III) hydride generation by photochemical reduction of Co(II) followed by protonation, (2) metal hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) of alkenes by Co(III) hydride, and (3) oxidation of the alkyl
我们展示了在可见光照射下通过由光氧化还原、钴和布朗斯台德酸催化剂组成的三重催化,使用醇对未活化烯烃进行马尔科夫尼科夫加氢烷氧基化。三重催化在单个催化循环中实现了三个关键的基本步骤:(1)通过光化学还原 Co(II)然后质子化生成 Co(III)氢化物,(2)通过 Co 对烯烃的金属氢化物氢原子转移(MHAT) (III)氢化物,和(3)烷基Co(III)配合物氧化成烷基Co(IV)。三种催化剂对质子和电子的精确控制可以消除传统方法中所需的强酸和外部还原剂/氧化剂。