(8-Naphthalen-1-ylmethyl-4-oxo-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]dec-3-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester (NNC 63-0532) is a novel potent nociceptin receptor agonist
作者:Christian Thomsen、Rolf Hohlweg
DOI:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703661
日期:2000.11
Spiroxatrine was identified as a moderately potent (Ki=118 nM) but non‐selective agonist at the human nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor, ORL1. This compound was subject to chemical modification and one of the resulting compounds, (8‐naphthalen‐1‐ylmethyl‐4‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐1,3,8‐triaza‐spiro[4.5]dec‐3‐yl)‐acetic acid methyl ester (NNC 63‐0532) was shown to have high affinity for ORL1 (Ki=7.3 nM).
NNC 63‐0532 showed only moderate affinity for the following receptors (Ki values in parentheses): μ‐opioid (140 nM), κ‐opioid (405 nM), dopamine D2S (209 nM), dopamine D3 (133 nM) and dopamine D4.4 (107 nM) out of 75 different receptors, ion‐channels and transporters.
In functional assays, NNC 63‐0532 was shown to be an agonist at ORL1 (EC50=305 nM), a much weaker agonist at the μ‐opioid receptor (EC50>10 μM) and an antagonist or weak partial agonist at dopamine D2S (IC50=2830 nM).
Thus, NNC 63‐0532 is a novel non‐peptide agonist with ∼12 fold selectivity for ORL1 and may be useful for exploring the physiological roles of this receptor owing to its brain‐penetrating properties.
British Journal of Pharmacology (2000) 131, 903–908; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703661
Jozitsch, Zhurnal Russkago Fiziko-Khimicheskago Obshchestva, 1902, vol. 34, p. 243
作者:Jozitsch
DOI:——
日期:——
Sung, Annales de Chimie (Cachan, France), 1924, vol. <10>1, p. 364
作者:Sung
DOI:——
日期:——
Comparative phytotoxicity of four monoterpenes against Cassia occidentalis
作者:H P SINGH、DAIZY R BATISH、S KAUR、H RAMEZANI、R K KOHLI
DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2002.tb00202.x
日期:2002.10
SummaryThe effect of four monoterpenes ‐ citronellol, citronellal, cineole and linalool ‐ on the germination, growth and physiology of Cassia occidentalis was investigated. All four monoterpenes reduced germination of C. occidentalis seeds but to varying extents. Citronellal and linalool completely inhibited germination beyond the concentrations of 55 and 110 μM, respectively, whereas in response to treatment of citronellol no germination was observed beyond 330 μM. Further, the growth of seedlings, measured in terms of seedling length and biomass, was also adversely affected. A reduction in chlorophyll content of the cotyledonary leaves of C. occidentalis was also noticed, indicating an adverse effect on photosynthesis. Likewise, respiratory ability of growing seeds was also impaired in response to all four monoterpenes, clearly indicating that monoterpenes affect energy metabolism. On the basis of overall phytotoxicity, potency of monoterpenes was in the order of citronellal > linalool > citronellol > cineole. The results from this study suggest that both citronellal and linalool possess strong phytotoxic potential and can thus serve as lead molecules for the synthesis of bioherbicides.
Rupe; Giesler, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1928, vol. 11, p. 666