Cytotoxicity of η-areneruthenium-based molecules to glioblastoma cells and their recognition by multidrug ABC transporters
摘要:
A new series of amphiphilic eta(6)-areneruthenium(II) compounds containing phenylazo ligands (group I: compounds la, 1b, 2a and 2b) and phenyloxadiazole ligands (group II: compounds 3a, 3b, 4a and 4b) were synthesized and characterized for their anti-glioblastoma activity. The effects of the amphiphilic eta(6)-areneruthenium(II) complexes on the viability of three human glioblastoma cell lines, U251, U87MG and T98G, were evaluated. The azo-derivative ruthenium complexes (group I) showed high cytotoxicity to all cell lines, whilst most oxadiazole-derivative complexes (group II) were less cytotoxic, except for compound 4a. The cationic complexes 2a, 2b and 4b were more cytotoxic than the neutral complexes. Compounds 2a and 2b caused a significant reduction in the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase, with concomitant increases in the G2/M phase and fragmented DNA in the T98G cell line. The eta(6)-areneruthenium(11) compounds were also tested in cell lines that overexpress the multidrug ABC transporters P-gp, MRP1 and ABCG2. Compounds 2b and 4a were substrates for the P-gp protein, with resistance indexes of 8.6 and 1.9, respectively. Compound 2b was also a substrate for ABCG2 and MRP1 proteins, with lower resistance indexes (1.8 and 1.6, respectively). The contribution of multidrug ABC transporters to the cytotoxicity of compound 2b in T98G cells was evidenced, since verapamil (a characteristic inhibitor of MRP1) increased the cytotoxicity of compound 2b at concentrations up to 20 mu mol L-1, whilst GP120918 and Ko143 (specific inhibitors of P-gp and ABCG2, respectively) had no significant effect. In addition, we showed that compound 2b interacts with glutathione (GSH), which could explain its cellular efflux by MRP1. Our results showed that the amphiphilic eta(6)-areneruthenium(II) complexes are promising anti-glioblastoma compounds, especially compound 2b, which was cytotoxic for all three cell lines, although it is transported by the three main multidrug ABC transporters. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
A range of 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles have been synthesized using a UV‐B activated flow approach starting from carboxylic acids and 5‐substituted tetrazoles. The application of UV light represents an attractive alternative to the traditional thermolytic approach and has demonstrated comparable efficiency and versatility, with a diverse substrate scope, including the incorporation of highly substituted amino
Iodine-promoted one-pot synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds <i>via</i> sp<sup>3</sup> C–H functionalization of azaarenes
作者:Geeta Sai Mani、Kavitha Donthiboina、Nagula Shankaraiah、Ahmed Kamal
DOI:10.1039/c9nj03573g
日期:——
for the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds has been developed via sp3 C–H functionalization. Gratifyingly, this method involves oxidative amination with concomitant base-mediated cyclization of methylhetarenes and acylhydrazines by employing iodine and Cs2CO3. The key features of the present method include good functional group tolerance, a clean protocol, metal-free conditions
通过sp 3 C–H官能化开发了一种有效的碘介导的一锅合成方案,用于合成2,5-二取代的1,3,4-恶二唑支架。令人欣慰的是,该方法涉及通过使用碘和Cs 2 CO 3进行氧化胺化反应,并伴随碱介导的甲基戊烯和酰基肼的环化反应。本方法的关键特征包括良好的官能团耐受性,清洁的方案,无金属的条件和高收率,使得该方案成为合成生物活性分子及其关键构件的有吸引力的策略。
1,3,4-Oxadiazole-based heterocyclic analogs (3a–3m) were synthesized via cyclization of Schiff bases with substituted aldehydes in the presence of bromine and acetic acid. The structural clarificat...
A novel europium complex using 2-(4-methoxy)phenyl-5-(2-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole as a secondary ligand was synthesized and characterized. Its thermal stability and UV absorption and photoluminescence of this europium complex, as well as its electroluminescence in polymer light-emitting devices (PLEDs) were investigated. The results show that this europium complex displayed intense UV absorption band around 350 nm and sharp red emission peaked at 612 nm with a full width at half maximum of 9 nm in chloroform. The PLEDs with this europium complex doped into a blend of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) and 5-biphenyl-2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole exhibited a light intensity of 12 cd/m(2) at 24 V with a characteristic red emission of europium ion at 613 rim. This implies that the europium complex using the pyridyl 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative as a secondary ligand can exhibit intense sharp emission of europium ion under opto-excitation and electric-excitation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.