Potassium and Well-Defined Neutral and Cationic Calcium Fluoroalkoxide Complexes: Structural Features and Reactivity
摘要:
The fluorinated aminoether alcohols (1-aza-12-crown-4)CH2C(CF3)(2)OH ({RO1F}H), (MeOCH2CH2)(2)NCH2C-(CF3)(2)OH ({RO2F}H), and (MeOCH2CH2)(Me)NCH2C(CF3)(2)OH ({RO3F}H) have been synthesized and used to prepare the heteroleptic calcium amido complexes {ROxF}Ca(N(SiMe2R)(2)) (47; x = 2, 3, R = H, Me). The ability to form stable complexes varies with the chelating and electron-donating ability of the aminoether alkoxide ligand, as exemplified by our failure to isolate cleanly the elusive {RO1F}Ca(N(SiMe2R)(2)). X-ray diffraction studies show that, in the solid state, intramolecular Ca center dot center dot center dot F interactions help reach coordinative saturation in the dimeric [{RO2F}Ca(N(SiMe3)(2))](2) ([4](2)), [{RO2F}Ca(N(SiMe2H)(2))](2) ([5](2)), [{RO3F}Ca(N(SiMe3)(2))](2) ([6](2)), and [{RO3F}Ca(N(SiMe2H)(2))](2) ([7](2)), which crystallized free of solvent coligands. Similar stabilizing K center dot center dot center dot F patterns were found in the polymetallic potassium fluoroalkoxides [{RO1F}K](2) ([1](2)), [{RO2F}K](4) ([2](4)), and [{RO3F}K](4) ([3](4)); [2](4) and [3](4) form heterocubanes in the solid state. Examination of the XRD data for [1](2)[7](2) shows that metal center dot center dot center dot F interactions can be favored over binding of O-ether atoms for calcium and potassium. Pulse-gradient spinecho NMR spectroscopy shows that the complexes remain aggregated in aromatic solvents. The solvent-free salts [{ROxF}Ca+]center dot[H2N{B(C6F5)(3)}(2) ] (x = 1 (8), 2 (9), 3 (10)) are obtained by treating 47 with [H(OEt2)(2)(+)]center dot[H2N{B(C6F5)(3)}(2) ] or by reacting Ca(N(SiMe3)(2))(2) with [{ROxF}HH+]center dot[H2N{B(C6F5)(3)}(2) ]; the solid-state structures of [8 center dot H2O](2) and [9 center dot H2O](2) again showed the presence of Ca center dot center dot center dot F contacts. Complexes 57 are promising catalysts for the regiospecific anti-Markovnikov hydrophosphination of styrene with diphenylphosphine, affording TOF values as high as 52 mol(subst) mol(Ca)(1) h(1) with up to 400 equiv of substrates within 12 h at 60 degrees C.