Die präparative Chemie der Cyclobutendione; I. Synthese von Cyclobutendion und dessen Alkyl-, Alkenyl-und Aryl-Derivaten
作者:Arthur SCHMIDT、Walter RIED
DOI:10.1055/s-1978-24652
日期:——
The particular chemical properties of cyclobutenedione and its derivatives make the cyclobutenedione ring system worthy of special attention. In spite of the ring tension characteristic of four-membered carbocyclic systems, the cyclobutenediones (which may formally be regarded as quinones of the extremely unstable cyclobutadiene) exhibit high thermal stability. This fact has favored the broad investigation of the cyclobutenediones. The preparative results of these investigations are summarized in a tripartite review article. I. Synthesis of Cyclobutenedione and its Alkyl, Alkenyl, and Aryl Derivatives II. Reactions of Alkyl-, Alkenyl-, and Arylcyclobutenediones III. Synthesis of Squaric Acid, Benzocyclobutenedione, and Derivatives thereof In the following Part I of the review, the syntheses of cyclobutenediones from open-chain precursors are described. 1. Cyclobutenediones by Photochemical [2+2] Cycloaddition 1.1. Addition of Alkynes to Alkenes 1.2. Cyclodimerization of Olefinic Compounds (Photodimerization) 2. Cyclobutenediones by Thermal [2+2] Cycloaddition 2.1. Addition of Alkynes to Tetrahaloethylenes 2.2. Addition of Alkynes to Ketenes 2.3. Dimerization of Tetrahaloethylenes 2.4. Thermal [2+2] Cycloaddition of Electron-rich to Electron-poor Ethylene Derivatives 2.5. Thermal Intramolecular Cycloaddition of 1,2,4,5-Hexatetraenes 3. Cyclobutenediones by Ring-Enlargement of Cyclopropene Derivatives 3.1. Ring-Enlargement of 3-Alkoxycarbonyl-3-hydroxycyclopropenes 3.2. Ring-Enlargement by Thermal Cycloaddition of Dichlorocarbene to Cyclopropenes 3.3. Thermal Addition of Isocyanides to Cyclopropenones 4. Diphenylcyclobutenedione from Diphenylacetylene and Tetrakis[arylisocyanide]-nickel 5. Cyclobutenediones from Other Cyclobutenediones 5.1. Halo-arylcyclobutenediones 5.2. 2-Substituted 1-Arylcyclobutenediones from Arylhalocyclobutenediones 5.3. Alkyl- and Arylcyclobutenediones from Squaric Acid Derivatives
环丁烯二酮及其衍生物的特殊化学性质使得环丁烯二酮环系统值得特别关注。尽管四元碳环系统具有环张力的特点,但环丁二酮(可正式视为极不稳定的环丁二烯的醌)却表现出很高的热稳定性。这一事实促进了对环丁烯二酮的广泛研究。本文从三个方面总结了这些研究的制备结果。 I. 环丁二酮及其烷基、烯基和芳基衍生物的合成 II.烷基、烯基和芳基环丁二酮的反应 III.quaric Acid、苯并环丁二酮及其衍生物的合成 在以下综述的第一部分中,介绍了从开链前体合成环丁二酮的方法。 1.通过光化学 [2+2] 环加成法合成环丁烯二酮 1.1.炔烃与烯烃的加成 1.2.烯烃化合物的环二聚化(光二聚化) 2.通过热[2+2]环加成法生成环丁烯二酮 2.1.炔烃与四卤乙烯的加成 2.2.炔烃与烯酮的加成 2.3.四卤乙烯的二聚反应 2.4.富电子到贫电子乙烯衍生物的热[2+2]环加成反应 2.5.1,2,4,5-六四烯的分子内热环加成 3.通过环丙烯衍生物的扩环作用生成环丁烯二酮 3.1.3- 烷氧羰基-3-羟基环丙烯的扩环 3.2.二氯甲烷与环丙烯的热环化扩环 3.3.异氰酸酯与环丙烯酮的热加成 4.二苯基乙炔和四[芳基异氰酸]-镍制二苯基环丁二酮 5.从其他环丁烯二酮生成环丁烯二酮 5.1.卤代芳基环丁二酮 5.2.由芳基卤代环丁烯二酮生成的 2-取代 1-芳基环丁烯二酮 5.3.由四季酸衍生物生成的烷基和芳基环丁二酮