Zincke; Fuchs, Chemische Berichte, 1893, vol. 26, p. 512
作者:Zincke、Fuchs
DOI:——
日期:——
Occurrence of Some Chlorinated Enol Lactones and Cyclopentene-1,3-Diones in Chlorine-Treated Waters
作者:Annika. Smeds、Robert. Franzen、Leif. Kronberg
DOI:10.1021/es00007a022
日期:1995.7.1
Enol lactones (5-dichloromethylene-2-furanones) and 2,2-dichlorocyclopentene-1,3-diones, a total of six compounds, were synthesized and subsequently qualitatively and quantitatively determined in a sample of chlorination stage liquor from the bleaching of softwood kraft pulp (CBL), in chlorine-treated natural humic water (HW), and in three samples of drinking water treated with various disinfectants (DW1-3). All the compounds could be observed in the samples, in concentrations ranging from 2 to 170 mu g/L in CBL, from 7 to 65 ng/L in HW, and at most a few nanograms per liter in DW1-3. The compounds were found to be weakly mutagenic in the Ames assay (strain TA100 without metabolic activation). The contribution of the compounds to the total mutagenicity in the studied samples was negligible. The compounds were unstable in aqueous solutions at pH 7.0, and under these conditions they were in part converted to 5-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2-furanones In acidified methanol, the enol lactones were partially converted to 5-(dichloromethyl)-5-methoxy-2-furanones.
Synthetic approaches to chlorinated 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-furanones
作者:Robert Franzén、Leif Kronberg
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80248-9
日期:1993.1
The syntheses of chlorinated 5 - hydroxy- furanones with a mono-, di-, and trichloromethyl group at C-5 are described. The 5-chloromethyl hydroxyfuranones were obtained by chlorination of levulinic acid followed by triethylamine promoted elimination of hydrogen chloride. Hydrolyses of chlorinated 4 - cyclopentene- 1,3 -diones yielded 5-dichloromethyl hydroxyfuranones. The trichloromethyl group was