Pyrazole formation: Examination of kinetics, substituent effects, and mechanistic pathways
作者:Joseph C. Sloop、Brent Lechner、Gary Washington、Carl L. Bumgardner、W. David Loehle、William Creasy
DOI:10.1002/kin.20316
日期:2008.7
Reaction kinetics for the condensation of 1,3-diketones 1a–o with selected arylhydrazines (aryl = Ph, 4-NO2Ph, 4-CH3OPh, and 2,4-diNO2Ph) was studied using 19F NMR spectroscopy. Product regioselectivity is modulated by reactant ratios, substituents, and acidity. Reaction rates were found to be influenced by substituents on the diketones and on phenylhydrazines as well as by acidity of the reaction
使用 19F NMR 光谱研究了 1,3-二酮 1a-o 与选定的芳基肼(芳基 = Ph、4-NO2Ph、4-CH3OPh 和 2,4-diNO2Ph)缩合的反应动力学。产物的区域选择性受反应物比例、取代基和酸度的调节。发现反应速率受二酮和苯肼上的取代基以及反应介质酸度的影响,速率变化高达 1000 倍。确定了这些环化的 Hammett ρ 值。发现该反应在二酮和芳基肼中都是一级反应。吡唑形成的速率决定步骤随着 pH 值的变化而变化。提出了支持这些发现的机制细节和反应途径。© 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 370–383, 2008