Cryptolepine and aromathecin based mimics as potent G-quadruplex-binding, DNA-cleavage and anticancer agents: Design, synthesis and DNA targeting-induced apoptosis
摘要:
Thirty Cryptolepine and Aromathecin based mimics were designed and synthesized. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated in four human cancer cell lines (HepG-2, T24, NCI-H460 and MGC-803) and one normal human cell line (HL-7702). Most compounds exhibited potent anticancer activity with IC50 values from 0.31 to 11.97 mu M. 8-Fluoro-10-(N-3-dimethylaminopropyl)amino-11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoline (5b) was identified as the most promising candidate in view of its anticancer activity. Molecular mechanism studies suggested that 5b not only could strongly bind to G-quadruplex, but intercalate into supercoil DNA and resulted in significant DNA double-strand break as well. Furthermore, 5b caused cell cycle arrest at S/G2 phase and induced apoptosis. After treatment with 5b, pro-apoptotic proteins Bak, Bax and Bim were up-regulated, anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were down-regulated, and the effector caspase-3/9 was activated to initiate apoptosis. The anticancer activity of 5b was finally validated in a MGC-803 xenograft tumor model with tumor growth inhibition (TGI) up to 53.2%, while displaying no obvious toxicity. Taken together, these results suggest that 5b may be a potential candidate of cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs for cancer therapy. (C) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Further studies on the cyclization of aromatic azomethines ortho-substituted with a trifluoromethyl group: synthesis of 2,4-di- or 2,3,4-trisubstituted quinolines
作者:Lucjan Strekowski、Steven E. Patterson、Lubomir Janda、Roman L. Wydra、Donald B. Harden、Malgorzata Lipowska、Marek T. Cegla
DOI:10.1021/jo00027a037
日期:1992.1
The scope and limitations of the novel synthetic route to quinolines (Strekowski et al. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4777) have been studied. A direct condensation of 2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (1) with methyl aryl ketones, methyl heteroaryl ketones, ethyl aryl ketones, methyl vinyl ketones, 1-indanone, 1-tetralone, camphor, and cyclohexanone provides an easy access to the corresponding ketimines. An indirect one-pot preparation of dialkyl ketimines and C-alkyl-substituted amidines derived from 1, but inaccessible by the direct condensation method, is also presented. All these ketimines and amidines are cyclized in the presence of alkylamide, dialkylamide, or alkoxide bases to give a quinoline containing the base function at C-4. Analysis of byproducts of the base-mediated reactions provides strong support for the originally proposed mechanism of the quinoline formation.