The redox series [Ru(bpy)<sub>2</sub>(L)]<sup>n</sup>, n = +3, +2, +1, 0, with L = bipyridine, “click” derived pyridyl-triazole or bis-triazole: a combined structural, electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and DFT investigation
作者:Stephan Hohloch、David Schweinfurth、Michael G. Sommer、Fritz Weisser、Naina Deibel、Fabian Ehret、Biprajit Sarkar
DOI:10.1039/c3dt52898g
日期:——
The compounds [Ru(bpy)2(L1)](ClO4)2 (1(ClO4)2), [Ru(bpy)2(L2)](ClO4)2 (2(ClO4)2), [Ru(bpy)2(L3)](ClO4)2 (3(ClO4)2), [Ru(bpy)2(L4)](ClO4)2 (4(ClO4)2), [Ru(bpy)2(L5)](ClO4)2 (5(ClO4)2), and [Ru(bpy)2(L6)](ClO4)26(ClO4)2 (bpy = 2,2â²-bipyridine, L1 = 1-(4-isopropyl-phenyl)-4-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,3-triazole, L2 = 1-(4-butoxy-phenyl)-4-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,3-triazole, L3 = 1-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,3-triazole, L4 = 4,4â²-bis-1-(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)}-1,2,3-triazole, L5 = 4,4â²-bis-(1-phenyl)}-1,2,3-triazole, L6 = 4,4â²-bis-1-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)}-1,2,3-triazole) were synthesized from [Ru(bpy)2(EtOH)2](ClO4)2 and the corresponding âclickâ-derived pyridyl-triazole or bis-triazole ligands, and characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Structural analysis showed a distorted octahedral coordination environment about the Ru(II) centers, and shorter RuâN(triazole) bond distances compared to RuâN(pyridine) distances in complexes of mixed-donor ligands. All the complexes were subjected to cyclic voltammetric studies, and the results were compared to the well-known [Ru(bpy)3]2+ compound. The oxidation and reduction potentials were found to be largely uninfluenced by ligand changes, with all the investigated complexes showing their oxidation and reduction steps at rather similar potentials. A combined UV-vis-NIR and EPR spectroelectrochemical investigation, together with DFT calculations, was used to determine the site of electron transfer in these complexes. These results provided insights into their electronic structures in the various investigated redox states, showed subtle differences in the spectroscopic signatures of these complexes despite their similar electrochemical properties, and provided clues to the unperturbed redox potentials in these complexes with respect to ligand substitutions. The reduced forms of the complexes display structured absorption bands in the NIR region. Additionally, we also present new synthetic routes for the ligands presented here using Cu-abnormal carbene catalysts.
化合物 [Ru(bpy)2(L1)](ClO4)2 (1(ClO4)2), [Ru(bpy)2(L2)](ClO4)2 (2(ClO4)2), [Ru(bpy)2(L3)](ClO4)2 (3(ClO4)2), [Ru(bpy)2(L4)](ClO4)2 (4(ClO4)2), [Ru(bpy)2(L5)](ClO4)2 (5(ClO4)2) 和 [Ru(bpy)2(L6)](ClO4)2 (6(ClO4)2)(bpy = 2,2′-联吡啶,L1 = 1-(4-异丙基-苯)-4-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,3-三唑,L2 = 1-(4-丁氧基-苯)-4-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,3-三唑,L3 = 1-(2-三氟甲基-苯)-4-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,3-三唑,L4 = 4,4′-双-1-(2,6-二异丙基-苯)}-1,2,3-三唑,L5 = 4,4′-双-(1-苯基)}-1,2,3-三唑,L6 = 4,4′-双-1-(2-三氟甲基-苯)}-1,2,3-三唑)是由 [Ru(bpy)2(EtOH)2](ClO4)2 与相应的“点击”衍生的吡啶-三唑或双三唑配体合成的,并通过 1H-NMR 光谱、元素分析、质谱和 X 射线晶体学进行表征。结构分析显示 Ru(II) 中心周围存在畸变的八面体配位环境,并且与混合供体配体的化合物相比,Ru–N(三唑) 键长较短而 Ru–N(吡啶) 键长较长。所有化合物都进行了循环伏安研究,并将结果与著名的 [Ru(bpy)3]2+ 化合物进行了比较。氧化和还原电位在很大程度上不受配体变化的影响,所有研究的化合物在相似的电位下表现出氧化和还原步骤。结合 UV-vis-NIR 和 EPR 光谱电化学研究,以及 DFT 计算,用于确定这些化合物中的电子转移位点。这些结果为它们在不同研究的氧化还原状态下的电子结构提供了见解,尽管这些化合物的电化学性质相似,但其光谱特征显示出微妙的差异,并为与配体替换有关的这些化合物中未受干扰的氧化还原电位提供了线索。化合物的还原形式在 NIR 区域表现出结构化的吸收带。此外,我们还展示了使用 Cu-不寻常的卡宾催化剂合成所呈现配体的新合成路线。