Cyanoborohydrides are efficient reagents in the reductive addition reactions of alkyl iodides and electron-deficient olefins. In contrast to using tinreagents, the reaction took place chemoselectively at the carbon–iodine bond but not at the carbon–bromine or carbon–chlorine bond. The reaction system was successfully applied to three-component reactions, including radical carbonylation. The rate constant
氰基硼氢化物是烷基碘化物和缺电子烯烃的还原加成反应中的有效试剂。与使用锡试剂相反,该反应在碳碘键上发生化学选择,而在碳溴或碳氯键上没有发生。该反应体系已成功应用于三组分反应,包括自由基羰基化。通过动力学竞争法,在25°C下从氰基硼氢化四丁基铵中伯烷基脱氢的速率常数估计为<1×10 4 M –1 s –1。该值比氢化三丁基锡的值小3个数量级。
Tin-Free Giese Reaction and the Related Radical Carbonylation Using Alkyl Iodides and Cyanoborohydrides
Tin-free Giese reaction and the related radical carbonylation process proceeded efficiently in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride and tetrabutylammonium cyanoborohydride. The reaction took place chemoselectively at the carbon-iodine bond but not at the carbon-bromine and carbon-chlorine bonds. The iodine atom transfer followed by hydride reduction of the resulting carbon-iodine bond is proposed
Selective Mono- and Bis(alkoxycarbonylation)s of Olefins Catalyzed by Palladium in the Presence of Cu(I) or Cu(II) Chloride under Remarkably Mild Conditions. Application to the Synthesis of γ-Butyrolactone Derivatives
Palladium-catalyzed mono- and bis(alkoxycarbonylation)s of olefins were controlled by the use of copper(II) and copper(1) chloride, respectively, in alcohol under normal pressure of carbon monoxide and oxygen at room temperature without any other additives. 3-Buten-1-ols gave the corresponding γ-butyrolactones and 2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-acetic acid esters, respectively, in high yields.
Selective Mono- and Dicarbonylation of Terminal Olefins Catalyzed by Pd–C in the Presence of Cu(II) or Cu(I) Chloride under Mild Conditions
作者:Katsuhiko Inomata、Shiho Toda、Hideki Kinoshita
DOI:10.1246/cl.1990.1567
日期:1990.9
Pd–C can catalyze the carbonylation of terminal olefins with normal pressure of carbon monoxide at room temperature. The corresponding mono- and diesters (succinates) were selectively formed in excellent yields using Cu(II) and Cu(I) chloride, respectively, in alcohol.
Pd-C可以在常压下在一氧化碳常压下催化末端烯烃的羰基化反应。分别使用氯化铜 (II) 和氯化铜 (I) 在醇中选择性地形成相应的单酯和二酯(琥珀酸酯),收率极好。
A New Coupling Reaction of Alkyl Iodides with Electron Deficient Alkenes Using Nickel Boride (cat.)−Borohydride Exchange Resin in Methanol
作者:Tae Bo Sim、Jaesung Choi、Meyoung Ju Joung、Nung Min Yoon
DOI:10.1021/jo961751f
日期:1997.4.1
addition reaction of alkyliodides with alpha,beta-unsaturated esters, nitriles, and ketones proceeds in moderate to excellent yields (50-95%) using Ni(OAc)(2) (0.05-0.2 equiv)-BER (3-5 equiv) in methanol in 1-9 h at room temperature or at 65 degrees C. Nickel boride on borohydride exchange resin (BER) is a good alternative reagent to tributyltin hydride for the coupling of alkyliodides with the electron