Asymmetric Cyclopropanation Using New Chiral Auxiliaries Derived from D-Fructose
摘要:
Acetals of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes with 3-O-alkylated derivatives of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose and 1,2-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-psicopyranose, which are readily available from D-fructose, were cyclopropanated with Et(2)Zn and CH2I2 with good diastereoselectivity. The effects of structure of the acetals on enantioselectivity were examined.
The Simmons-Smith reaction starting fromallylic alcohols using (R,R)-diethyl tartrate as a chiral auxiliary was found to proceed enantioselectively; i.e., the treatment of allylicallylic alcohols with diethylzinc and diethyl tartrate, followed by the reaction with diethylzinc and diiodomethane, afforded the corresponding cyclopropylmethyl alcohols in optically active form
Synthesis of optically active cis- and trans-1,2-disubstituted cyclopropane derivatives by the Simmons-Smith reaction of allyl alcohol derivatives derived from (R)-2,3-O-isopropylideneglyceraldehyde
The Simmons-Smith reactions of Z- and E-allyl alcohol derivatives 6 derived from (R)-2,3-O-isopropylideneglyceraldehyde (5) were used for the synthesis of optically active cis- and trans-1,2 disubstituted cyclopropane derivatives. Reaction of 6 with diethyl zinc and diiodomethane gave cyclopropane derivatives 7 in 84% to quantitative yields with 35 to approximate to 100% des. Identical facial selectivities toward the double bonds, Ire-asi for Z-6 and 1re-2re for E-6, were observed in the cyclopropanations. The diastereoselectivity was dependent on the protecting group on the terminal allylic oxygen (R of 6, TBDPS > MOM > Bn) and on the stereochemistry of the double bond (Z > E). For TBDPS ethers Z- and E-6c, cis- and trans-7c were obtained as single diastereomers respectively. It was clearly demonstrated that the stereoselectivity of the cyclopropanation is controlled by the directing effect of the allylic oxygen (O-1) of the dioxolane ring which coordinates to the reagent. The terminal allylic oxygen (O-2) lowered the diastereoselectivity This reaction was applied to the synthesis of optically active cyclopropane analogs of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 18, 22, and ent-22.