Grignard reagent–acid chloride condensation in the presence of copper(<scp>I</scp>) chloride. A study of structural effects by direct and competition methods
作者:John Anthony MacPhee、Michel Boussu、Jacques-Emile Dubois
DOI:10.1039/p29740001525
日期:——
The copper(I) chloride catalysed reaction between a Grignard reagent and an acid chloride in ether has been studied by using a competition method in which a pair of acid chlorides reacts with a single Grignard reagent, and by direct kinetic experiments in one case. The variation of relative rates produced by structuralchanges in the alkyl group of the acid chloride has been shown to correlate with
Provided herein are stereoisomerically pure ester and carbonate analogues of nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide riboside hydride, and pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof. The stereoisomerically pure ester and carbonate analogues of nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide riboside hydride may be used to treat a disease or disorder that would benefit from increased NAD levels including a mitochondrial disease or disorder, insulin resistance, a metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, for increasing insulin sensitivity in a subject, or to treat or prevent a skin condition.
The compounds have general formulas (I) or (II):
wherein R1 is —C(═O)—X—(C2-C18 straight chain or branched) alkyl or —C(═O)—X—(C2-C18 straight chain or branched) alkenyl; each R2 is independently selected from hydrogen, and a —C(O)—X—(C1-C18 straight chain or branched) alkyl or a —C(O)—X—(C2-C18 straight chain or branched) alkenyl; and X is a covalent bond or O.