We report the ligand‐enabled C−H activation/olefination of freecarboxylicacids in the γ‐position. Through an intramolecular Michael addition, δ‐lactones are obtained as products. Two distinct ligand classes are identified that enable the challenging palladium‐catalyzed activation of freecarboxylicacids in the γ‐position. The developed protocol features a wide range of acid substrates and olefin
FLAVOR COMPOSITION OR FRAGRANCE COMPOSITION, PRODUCT CONTAINING THE FLAVOR COMPOSITION OR FRAGRANCE COMPOSITION, AND NOVEL ESTER COMPOUND
申请人:Aida Takashi
公开号:US20100081725A1
公开(公告)日:2010-04-01
Disclosed is a 2-methyl-2-pentenyl ester represented by the general formula (1) [wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms which may have a substituent]. The compound has a new-type, unprecedented aroma and/or flavor, particularly a fruity, greenish or floral aroma and/or flavor. The compound can be added to a flavor or fragrance composition in an amount of 0.001 to 30 wt %. The flavor or fragrance composition can be added to a cosmetic product, a toiletry product, a bath agent, a food, a beverage or a pharmaceutical product in an amount of 0.0001 to 30 wt %. All of the compounds of the general formula (1) are novel, except for those compounds of the general formula (1) wherein R represents a methyl group, an isopropyl group, a phenyl group or a mesityl group.
A compound of the formula:
wherein
X is —N═, —CH═, or the like;
W is —CH
2
— or the like;
U is —S— or the like;
R
1
and R
2
are each independently hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted lower alkyl, or the like;
Q is a single bond or the like;
R
3
is hydrogen or the like;
Ring A is a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-3 nitrogen atoms;
each R
4
is independently hydrogen, halogen, or the like;
m is an integer from 0 to 2;
G is —C(═O)— or the like;
D is a single bond, —NH—, or the like; and
E is a cyclic quaternary ammonium group,
or an ester, a protected compound at the amino on the ring in the 7-side chain, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a solvate thereof.