We present an efficient synthesis of α-azido-β-dicarbonyl compounds from β-dicarbonylcompounds and trimethylsilyl azide, catalyzed by guanidinium hypoiodite. The reaction can be run in air at ambient temperature (up to 40 °C) and is not sensitive to moisture. The substrate scope is broad, including cyclic and linear β-dicarbonylcompounds, and the α-azide products are obtained in 55%–99% yield.
We report the first highly selective kinetic resolution of racemic α-chiral azides by Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC), providing facile access to chiral α-tertiary azides and 1,2,3-triazoles with newly developed PYBOX ligands with a C4 sulfonyl group. The key role of the C4 sulfonyl in tuning the electronic and steric properties of the chiral catalysts to enhance enantiomer discrimination
Reactions of Benzocyclic β-Keto Esters with Tosyl and 4-Nitrophenyl Azide. Structural Influence of Dicarbonyl Substrate and Azide Reagent on Distribution of Diazo, Azide and Ring-Contraction Products
The reactions of beta-keto esters derived from 1- and 2-indanone, 1- and 2-tetralone, and benzosuberone with toluene-4-sulfonyl- (tosyl) and 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl azide (PNBSA) in the presence of Et3N have been investigated in order to evaluate the influence of both dicarbonyl substrate and azide reagent on the product distribution. With tosyl azide the keto esters derived from both 2-benzocycloalkanones exhibit deacylating diazo transfer, but those derived from the 1-benzocycloalkanones undergo additional azido transfer to a significant or even exclusive extent. The finding is mainly explained in terms of the lesser reactivity of the conjugate aryl ketone than alkyl ketone moiety. This would discourage cyclization of the initial sulfonyltriazenyl anion-the presumable azide precursor-to the triazoline adduct, in turn envisaged as the diazo progenitor. With PNBSA both indanones smoothly undergo diazo transfer, whereas their higher homologues lead to ring-contraction products ascribable to corresponding triazolines that curiously prefer to suffer Favorskii-type ring fragmentation. Evidence has been obtained that tosyl azide acts as a azide-transfer reagent superior to PNBSA. A possible explanation of this fact is discussed. An X-ray crystal structure analysis of the phthalazine compound 18 (Ar = 4-Me-C6H4) has been performed.
Radical Chain Reactions of α-Azido-β-keto Esters with Tributyltin Hydride. A Novel Entry to Amides and Lactams through Regiospecific Nitrogen Insertion
A variety of acyclic and carbocyclic alpha-azido-beta-keto esters have been readily prepared from the parent dicarbonyl compounds, and their radical chain reactions with tributyltin hydride have been investigated. These reactions normally result in efficient production of alkoxycarbonyl-substituted amides and lactams and thence provide a new, useful method for regiospecific nitrogen insertion of keto ester compounds. The likely mechanism entails initial addition of tributylstannyl radical to the azido moiety to give a stannylaminyl radical, which readily undergoes intramolecular three-membered cyclization onto the ketone group to form an alkoxyl radical. The alkoxyl radical then undergoes regiospecific beta-scissian to form a stable ring-opened radical that is eventually reduced by tributyltin hydride to propagate the chain. With certain substrates, concomitant deazidation occurs to an important extent. This process, which is unusually observed in radical reactions of alkyl azides, is ascribed to addition of the stannyl radical to the terminal azido nitrogen; subsequent fragmentation of the ensuing 1,3-triazenyl adduct gives stannyl azide and a deazidated alkyl radical, resonance-stabilized by the adjacent carbonyl groups. The radical reactions of 2-azido-2-(ethoxy-carbonyl)-1-tetralone with allyltributylstannane and allyltriphenylstannane have also been investigated with the (missed) aim to achieve nitrogen insertion and concomitant allylation.
Ring Transformation of α‐Amino‐β‐oxoesters to δ‐Butyrolactams
作者:Daniel Krieger、Jens Christoffers
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.202300757
日期:2023.10.16
Lactams by RingTransformation: δ-Butyrolactams with an exocyclic ester moiety in the δ-position were accessed by reduction of cyclic α-azido-β-oxocyclopentane carboxylates with Zn−AcOH. The ringtransformation proceeded readily under the conditions of the reduction which is an unprecedented process.