Reactions of dichlorocarbene and tri-chloromethide with O-alkenyl esters and ethers, N-vinyl amides, and 1-haloalkenes
作者:R.C. De Selms、T.-W. Lin
DOI:10.1016/0040-4020(67)85101-9
日期:1967.1
mixtures due to apparent addition of trichloromethide and dichlorocarbene. In general, the yields of gem-dichlorocyclopropanes increased with increasing alkyl substituents on the alkene substrates. A trend toward increasing yield of gem-dichlorocyclopropanes was also noticed with the following substituents on the alkene substrates: OP(O) (OR)2 < Halogen ≅ OC(O)R < OR ≅ NRC(O)R′. Evidence is presented
[EN] PROCESS INCLUDING HYDROGENOLYSIS OF BIOMASS FOLLOWED BY DEHYDROGENATION AND ALDOL CONDENSATION FOR PRODUCING ALKANES<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ INCLUANT L'HYDROGÉNOLYSE D'UNE BIOMASSE SUIVIE D'UNE DÉSHYDROGÉNATION ET D'UNE CONDENSATION ALDOLIQUE POUR LA PRODUCTION D'ALCANES
申请人:SHELL OIL CO
公开号:WO2011143392A1
公开(公告)日:2011-11-17
A method comprises providing a bio-based feedstock; contacting the bio-based feedstock with a solvent in a hydrolysis reaction to form an intermediate stream comprising carbohydrates; contacting the intermediate stream with an aqueous phase reforming catalyst to form a plurality of oxygenated intermediates, wherein a first portion of the oxygenated intermediates are recycled to form the solvent; and contacting at least a second portion of the oxygenated intermediates with a condensation catalyst comprising a base functionality to form a fuel blend.
Regioselective lipase-catalysed acylation of 4,6-O-benzylidene-α- and-β-d-pyranoside derivatives displaying a range of anomeric substituents
作者:Jonathan J. Gridley、Andrew J. Hacking、Helen M.I. Osborn、David G. Spackman
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00935-1
日期:1998.12
The application of Lipase enzymes to effect regioselective C-3-O-acylation of - and -galactopyranosides displaying a range of anomeric substituents, and C-2-O-acylation of phenyl and ethyl is reported. In particular this method has allowed introduction of a variety of acyl protecting groups at the C-3 hydroxyl group of ethyl 11.
Unusual stereoselectivity in Diels-Alder cycloadditions of 5-bromopyrone
作者:Kamyar Afarinkia、Natasha T. Daly、Silvia Gomez-Farnos、Shravan Joshi
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00352-3
日期:1997.3
5-Bromopyrone undergoes cycloaddition to poorly activated or unactivated alkenes to afford high yields of cycloadducts. The regiochemistry of the cycloaddition is excellent. The stereoselectivity of cycloaddition depends on both electronic and steric factors in the dienophile but can be controlled to give predominantly endo or predominantly exo cycloadducts.
Under moderate conditions aldoenol esters react with HAl(i-C4H9)2 to afford organoaluminium compounds, which upon hydrolysis yield 1,3-diols and on acetolysis form 1,3-diacetates. The diacetates are obtained in about 50% yields (based on enol ester) by distillation. Vinyl esters are converted to linear 1,3-diols or 1,3-diacetates, whereas enol acetates of higher aldehydes give 2-sec(or -tert)alkyl-1
在中等条件下,醛烯醇酯与HAl(iC 4 H 9)2反应,得到有机铝化合物,其水解后生成1,3-二醇,并在乙酰分解时生成1,3-二乙酸酯。通过蒸馏以约50%的产率(基于烯醇酯)获得二乙酸酯。乙烯基酯被转化为直链的1,3-二醇或1,3-二乙酸酯,而高级醛的烯醇乙酸酯得到2-仲(或-叔)烷基-1,3-丁二醇或2-仲(或-叔)烷基-1,3-丁二醇二乙酸酯。