A time varying electrical excitation(s) is applied to a system containing biologic and/or non-biologic elements, whereupon the time-varying electrochemical or electrical response is detected and analyzed. For biologic specimens, the presence, activity, concentration or relative quantity, and certain inherent characteristics of certain target substances (hereinafter referred to as “target analytes”) within, or comprising, the specimen of interest may be determined by measuring either the current response induced by a voltage-mode excitation, or the voltage response induced by a current-mode excitation. Labeling or marker techniques may be employed, whereby electrochemically active auxiliary molecules are attached to the substance to be analyzed, in order to facilitate or enhance the electrochemical or electrical response. The method may also be employed to test non-biologic systems comprising an electrochemical cell or a battery of cells, wherein complex pulse type excitation signals are applied to the cell and the resultant time varying polarization voltage information is extracted and analyzed to determine at least one characteristic of the cell(s) condition or state.
对含有
生物和/或非
生物元素的系统施加随时间变化的电激励,然后检测和分析随时间变化的电
化学或电气响应。对于
生物标本,可通过测量电压模式激励引起的电流响应或电流模式激励引起的电压响应,来确定相关标本内或包含标本的某些目标物质(以下称为 "目标分析物")的存在、活性、浓度或相对数量以及某些固有特性。可采用标记或标记技术,将电
化学活性辅助分子附着在待分析物质上,以促进或增强电
化学或电气响应。该方法还可用于测试包括电
化学电池或电池组的非
生物系统,其中向电池施加复杂的脉冲型激励信号,并提取和分析由此产生的时变极化电压信息,以确定电池状况或状态的至少一种特征。