Synthesis and preliminary assessments of hybrid hydrocarbon–fluorocarbon anionic and non-ionic surfactants
摘要:
We describe the synthesis and preliminary physico-chemical assessments of ionic and non-ionic hybrid hydrofluorocarbon amphiphiles. Monoreduction reaction of the symmetrical starting material 1,10-diiodo-3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8-dodecafluorodecane provides the ethyl terminated fluorocarbon chains. These non-symmetrical hydrofluorocarbon surfactants contain an ethyl segment, a fluorocarbon core and either nonionic or anionic polar heads (sulfate. sulfonate, phosphate. carboxylate or glycosidic groups). The lactobionolactone can be reacted with hydrofluorocarbon amines to obtain the non-ionic hydrophilic moiety whereas the anionic heads come from monoiodo and/or hydroxyl hydrofluorocarbon substrates. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) values of these novel surfactants were determined by surface tension and conductivity measurements. The results are compared to those measured with fluorinated homologues previously described. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and preliminary assessments of hybrid hydrocarbon–fluorocarbon anionic and non-ionic surfactants
摘要:
We describe the synthesis and preliminary physico-chemical assessments of ionic and non-ionic hybrid hydrofluorocarbon amphiphiles. Monoreduction reaction of the symmetrical starting material 1,10-diiodo-3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8-dodecafluorodecane provides the ethyl terminated fluorocarbon chains. These non-symmetrical hydrofluorocarbon surfactants contain an ethyl segment, a fluorocarbon core and either nonionic or anionic polar heads (sulfate. sulfonate, phosphate. carboxylate or glycosidic groups). The lactobionolactone can be reacted with hydrofluorocarbon amines to obtain the non-ionic hydrophilic moiety whereas the anionic heads come from monoiodo and/or hydroxyl hydrofluorocarbon substrates. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) values of these novel surfactants were determined by surface tension and conductivity measurements. The results are compared to those measured with fluorinated homologues previously described. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The synthesis and usefulness in membrane biochemistry of a new class of surfactants have been investigated. 1-Ethyl-2-dimethylamine oxide polar heads were grafted onto a hydrocarbon, a fluorocarbon or an ethyl-capped fluorocarbon hydrophobic tail. The ability of the resulting surfactants to extract and/or to stabilize in aqueous solution a test membrane protein, cytochrome b(6)f, was evaluated. While it is not a detergent, the hemifluorinated derivative efficiently kept purified cytochrome b(6)f soluble, native and functional. The data suggest that alkyl-capped fluorocarbon surfactants provide an interesting alternative to classical detergents for handling membrane proteins in aqueous solutions under non-dissociating conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.