3-(4-Aroyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-N-hydroxy-2-propenamides as a New Class of Synthetic Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. 3. Discovery of Novel Lead Compounds through Structure-Based Drug Design and Docking Studies,
摘要:
Aroyl-pyrrole-hydroxy-amides (APHAs) are a new class of synthetic HDAC inhibitors recently described by us. Through three different docking procedures we designed, synthesized, and tested two new isomers of APHA lead compound 3-(4-benzoyl-l-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-N-hydroxy-2-propenamide (1), compounds 3 and 4, characterized by different insertions of benzoyl and propenoylhydroxamate groups onto the pyrrole ring. Biological activities of 3 and 4 were predicted by computational tools up to 617-fold more potent than that of I against HDAC1; thus, 3 and 4 were synthesized and tested against both mouse HDAC1 and maize HD2 enzymes. Predictions of biological affinities (K-i values) of 3 and 4, performed by a VALIDATE model (applied on either SAD or automatic DOCK or Autodock results) and by the Autodock internal scoring function, were in good agreement with experimental activities. Ligand/receptor positive interactions made by 3 and 4 into the catalytic pocket, in addition to those showed by 1, could at least in part account for their higher HDAC1 inhibitory activities. In particular, in mouse HDAC1 inhibitory assay 3 and 4 were 19- and 6-times more potent than 1, respectively, and 3 and 4 antimaize HD2 activities were 16- and 76-times higher than that of 1, 4 being as potent as SAHA in this assay. Compound 4, tested as antiproliferative and cytodifferentiating agent.
一种新的氮杂环甲酰化方法克服了使用廉价原料甲酰化剂的经典方法的局限性,特别是在温和和中性条件下,这是当前研究的主题。这项工作描述了使用乙醛酸作为甲酰源和 K 2 S 2 O 8对氮杂环化合物(氮杂吲哚、吲哚、吡咯)和苯胺的直接甲酰化作为独家试剂。关键特征包括在中性和温和反应条件下进行 C- 和 N- 甲酰化的通用方法。该方法在含氮杂环化合物、药物和天然产物的串联合成中的应用进一步得到证实。与用芳基乙醛酸进行的芳酰化不同,现在公开了一种以前未知的在 K 2 S 2 O 8存在下用乙醛酸进行直接甲酰化的途径。