Simple Catalytic Mechanism for the Direct Coupling of α-Carbonyls with Functionalized Amines: A One-Step Synthesis of Plavix
摘要:
The direct alpha-amination of ketones, esters, and aldehydes has been accomplished via copper catalysis. In the presence of catalytic copper(II) bromide, a diverse range of carbonyl and amine substrates undergo fragment coupling to produce synthetically useful alpha-amino-substituted motifs. The transformation is proposed to proceed via a catalytically generated alpha-bromo carbonyl species; nucleophilic displacement of the bromide by the amine then delivers the alpha-amino carbonyl adduct while the catalyst is reconstituted. The practical value of this transformation is highlighted through one-step syntheses of two high-profile pharmaceutical agents, Plavix and amfepramone.
A two-step continuous synthesis of α-ketoamides and α-amino ketones from 2° benzylic alcohols using hydrogen peroxide as an economic and benign oxidant
A practical two-step synthesis of α-ketoamides and α-amino ketones via direct oxidative coupling between 2° benzylic alcohols and amines was developed. Hydrogen peroxide, an economic and environmentally friendly oxidant, was used, and a metal catalyst was unnecessary. Moreover, the continuous-flow technique was employed to increase the functional group tolerance, efficiency and safety.