Asymmetricnitroaldolreaction of α-ketoesters was explored using a guanidine–thioureabifunctionalorganocatalyst at temperatures below the freezing point of water. The new reaction protocol can be applied to the nitroaldolreaction of nitroalkanes and α-ketoesters to construct the adjacent stereocenters of the chiral tertiary alcohol product with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity.