PSiP-Pincer Type Palladium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Borylation of Alkenes and 1,3-Dienes
作者:Naohiro Kirai、Shoichiro Iguchi、Tatsuyoshi Ito、Jun Takaya、Nobuharu Iwasawa
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.20130004
日期:2013.7.15
Dehydrogenative borylation of alkenes and 1,3-dienes was realized by carrying out the reaction in the presence of bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) and a catalytic amount of PSiP-pincer palladium complex. This protocol has the following notable features. 1) Monoanionic nature of the PSiP-pincer ligand prevents the formation of boryl(hydrido)- or dihydridopalladium species, enabling synthesis of various vinyl- or dienylboronic esters in good yield from a 1:1 mixture of B2pin2 and alkenes or 1,3-dienes without forming hydroboration or hydrogenation products. 2) Due to the strong trans influence of the silicon atom, PSiP-pincer palladium complex showed high activity toward migratory insertion. 3) Suppression of these side-reactions and the high reactivity of the PSiP-pincer palladium complex enabled an efficient, successive dehydrogenative borylation to give 1,1- or 1,2-diborylated products depending on the kind of substituent on alkenes by using more than 2 equivalents of B2pin2. Mechanistic study revealed that PSiP-pincer borylpalladium complex was generated from hydridopalladium complex and B2pin2, and this complex underwent alkene insertion followed by β-hydride elimination to give alkenylboronic ester with regeneration of the hydridopalladium complex.
通过在双(频哪醇)二硼(B2pin2)和催化量的PSiP-螯合钯配合物存在下进行反应,实现了烯烃和1,3-二烯的脱氢硼化反应。该方案具有以下显著特点:1) PSiP-螯合配体的单阴离子性质阻止了硼(氢)化物或二氢化钯物种的形成,从而能够从B2pin2和烯烃或1,3-二烯的1:1混合物中以良好的产率合成各种乙烯基或二烯基硼酸酯,而不形成氢硼化或氢化产物。2) 由于硅原子的强横向影响,PSiP-螯合钯配合物显示出高的迁移插入活性。3) 抑制这些副反应和PSiP-螯合钯配合物的高反应性使得高效连续脱氢硼化反应成为可能,从而根据烯烃上取代基的种类,使用超过2当量的B2pin2,生成1,1-或1,2-二硼化产物。机理研究表明,PSiP-螯合硼化钯配合物由氢化钯配合物和B2pin2生成,该配合物经过烯烃插入和β-氢消除,生成烯基硼酸酯,并再生氢化钯配合物。