Vinyl radicals, generated from the reaction of vinyl iodides with tributylstannyl radical, react with electron-deficient alkenes to give di- or trisubstitutedalkenes in moderate to good yields. The stereoselectivity is largely dependent on the substituent at 1- and 2-position of vinyl iodides.
Stereospecific lithium-halogen exchange of alkenyl iodides was performed upon treatment with butyllithium in non-polar solvents such as hexane, benzene, and toluene at 25 °C to provide alkenyllithiums quantitatively with retention of the configuration. Metal-iodine exchange of allenyl iodides with n-BuLi, i-PrMgBr or Et2Zn was also performed effectively to afford the corresponding allenylmetallic reagents
The reduction of alkenyl halides with tributyltinhydride in the presence of a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium has been studied. Alkenyl iodides reacted easily with tributyltinhydride at 25°C to give the corresponding hydrocarbons stereoselectively. However, the reaction of alkenyl bromides were sluggish at 25°C and needed heating at 75°C to complete.
Isomerization of olefins with R3SnH–Et3B (R = Ph or n-Bu) system has been studied. Treatment of (Z)-1-triphenylstannyl-1-octene (1) or (E)-1-triphenylstannyl-1-octene (2) with a catalytic amount of Ph3SnH–Et3B provided an equilibrium mixture of 1/2 = 2/8. Partial isomerization was observed in the reaction of trivial alkenes such as 6-dodecene and 2,2-dimethyl-3-dodecene with R3SnH–Et3B system. Whereas
Halogen-magnesium exchange of various aryl halides is achieved with a magnesium ate complex at low temperatures; Tributylmagnesate ((Bu3MgLi)-Bu-n) induces facile iodine-magnesium exchange at -78 degreesC. Dibutylisopropylmagnesate ((PrBu2MgLi)-Pr-i-Bu-n) is more reactive than (Bu3MgLi)-Bu-n, and this reagent accomplishes selective bromine-magnesium exchange at -78 degreesC. This procedure is utilized for the preparation of various polyfunctionalized arylmagnesium species. The exchange of alkenyl halides using this method proceeds with retention of configuration of the double bond.