碘化银 - CAS号 7783-96-2

物化性质

熔点：

557°C
沸点：

1506°C
密度：

5.68 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
溶解度：

不溶于酸溶液
暴露限值：

ACGIH: TWA 0.01 ppm
颜色/状态：

Light yellow, powder; crystals are hexagonal or cubic
气味：

Odorless
味道：

Tasteless
蒸汽压力：

1 MM HG @ 820 °C
稳定性/保质期：

碘化银无论是固体还是液体都具有感光性，在光的作用下会分解成极小颗粒的“银核”，逐渐变为带绿色的灰黑色。不溶于水和稀酸，微溶于氨水，与浓氨水共热时，由于形成碘化银－氨配合物结晶体而转变为白色。易溶于碘化钾、氰化钾、硫代硫酸钠溶液和热硝酸中。受热分解会释放出有毒的碘化物烟气。

计算性质

辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：

0.88
重原子数：

2
可旋转键数：

0
环数：

0.0
sp3杂化的碳原子比例：

0.0
拓扑面积：

0
氢给体数：

0
氢受体数：

0

ADMET

代谢

碘化银在Ames微粒体测试（TA 1535、TA 102、TA 97和TA 98菌株）中的致突变性以及它能在人类培养的淋巴细胞和小鼠腹膜腔内培养的P388淋巴细胞白血病细胞中诱导姐妹染色单体交换（SCE）的能力进行了评估。从体外细胞遗传学研究中观察到，碘化银无论是溶于丙酮还是作为聚丙烯酰胺悬浮液，在接近有毒浓度的条件下（1微克/毫升），几乎不会导致SCE的加倍效应。即使在体内对P388白血病细胞使用100微克/克小鼠体重的情况下，碘化银也没有实现SCE的加倍效应。实际上，在Ames微粒体测试中，只有在TA 102（S9-）中使用30微克/毫升和在TA 97（S9+）中使用150微克/毫升的剂量时，才孤立地实现了对逆转子的加倍效应，这些剂量对细菌来说似乎是接近有毒的。

Silver iodide was evaluated for mutagenicity in the Ames/microsome test (strains TA 1535, TA 102, TA 97, and TA 98) and for the ability to induce Sister Chromatid Exchanges (SCE) in human cultured lymphocytes and in P388 lymphocytic leukemia cells cultured in the mouse peritoneal cavity. From the cytogenetic in vitro studies, it was observed that silver iodide, either in acetone solutions or as a suspension with polyacryilamide, scarcely causes a doubling effect on SCEs at nearly toxic concentrations (1 ug/ml). Such a doubling effect by silver iodide on SCEs in P388 leukemia cells in vivo was not achieved even after using 100 ug/g mouse body weight. In the Ames/microsome test actually a doubling effect on revertants was only isolately achieved with 30 ug/ml in TA 102 (S9-) and at 150 ug/ml in TA 97 (S9+) doses, which appear to be nearly toxic for bacteria.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

银及其化合物可以通过吸入被吸收，而银化合物也可以通过口服和皮肤接触被吸收。银在血液中分布到全身，尤其是肝脏。不溶的银盐转化为可溶的银硫化蛋白盐，与RNA、DNA和蛋白质中的氨基或羧基团结合，或者被抗坏血酸或儿茶酚胺还原为金属银。金属银被氧化，可能会沉积在组织中，导致银质沉着病。银主要通过粪便排出体外。

Silver and its compounds can be absorbed via inhalation, while silver compounds can also be absorbed orally and dermally. It distributes throughout the body in the blood, particularily to the liver. Insoluble silver salts are transformed into soluble silver sulfide albuminates, bind to amino or carboxyl groups in RNA, DNA, and proteins, or are reduced to metallic silver by ascorbic acid or catecholamines. Metallic silver is oxidized and may deposit in the tissues, causing arygria. Silver is eliminated primarily in the faeces. (L808)