Electroorganic chemistry. 140. Electroreductively promoted intra- and intermolecular couplings of ketones with nitriles.
摘要:
Electroreduction of gamma and delta-cyano ketones in i-PrOH with Sn cathode gave alpha-hydroxy ketones and their dehydroxylated ketones as the intramolecularly coupled products. Guaiazulene, (-)-valeranone, polyquinanes, dihydrojasmone, methyl dihydrojasmonate, and rosaprostol have been synthesized by utilizing this electroreductive intramolecular coupling of gamma and delta-cyano ketones in one of the key steps. Similarly, electroreduction of a mixture of ketone and nitrile gave the corresponding intermolecularly coupled product. The product obtained by the electroreductive intermolecular coupling of (+)-dihydrocarvone with acetonitrile has been found to be the precursor of an effective chiral ligand for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes.
Preparation of Cyclic .ALPHA.-Hydroxy Ketones from .DELTA.- and .EPSILON.-Keto Acids Induced by the Generation of a Novel Acyl Anion Equivalent from the Carboxyl Group.
An improved method for the transformation of keto acids into cyclic α-hydroxy ketones, induced by the electrochemical generation of a novel acyl anion equivalent from the carboxy group, has been developed. Both five- and six-membered rings were constructed by constant-current electrolysis of δ- and ε-keto acids in the presence of Bu3P using an undivided cell equipped with a graphite anode and a Pt cathode. Attempts to prepare four- and seven-membered ring carbocycles were unsuccessful. The electrochemical reaction was found to be highly stereoselective when cyclization took place onto cyclopentanone and substituted cyclohexanone rings. Stereochemical aspects of the formation of bicyclic products, especially those having a bicyclo[4.3.0]skeleton, are discussed.
Electroreductive intramolecular coupling of γ- and δ-cyanoketones
作者:Tatsuya Shono、Naoki Kise
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)88791-2
日期:1990.1
Electroreduction of γ- and δ-cyanoketones in i-PrOH gave cyclized products α-hydroxyketones and their dehydroxylated ketones, and this reaction was applied to the synthesis of dihydrojasmone, methyl dihydrojasmonate, and Rosaprostol.
Cp2TiPh-coordinated cyano and ester groups as efficient ketyl radical acceptors in the reductive radical cyclization of γ- and δ-cyano ketones and δ-keto esters
作者:Yoshihiko Yamamoto、Daisuke Matsumi
DOI:10.1039/a800661j
日期:——
Cp2TiPh promotes the reductive radical cyclization of γ- and δ-cyano ketones and δ-keto esters to give α-hydroxycycloalkanones in moderate to good yields; the titanium reagent coordinates to both the ketone and the cyano or ester terminus, the LUMO of the cyano or ester group is thus lowered, and cyclization proceeds irreversibly without formation of the unstable iminyl or alkoxy radical intermediates.
Electroorganic Chemistry. 144. Electroreductive Coupling of Ketones with O-Methyl Oximes, N,N-Dimethylhydrazones, and Nitrones. A Convenient Route to Synthesis of .beta.-Amino Alcohol
The intermolecular coupling of a variety of ketones with some types of O-methyl oximes took place when a mixture of both components was electrochemically reduced in i-PrOH with an Sn cathode. The product, beta-methoxyamino alcohol was easily converted to beta-amino alcohol by simple reduction. A chiral ligand effective for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to an aldehyde was easily obtained from the product formed by the electroreductive coupling of (-)-menthone with O-methylacetaldoxime. The intermolecular coupling of a ketone with a N,N-dimethylhydrazone or nitrone was also promoted by the electroreduction. Furthermore, the electroreductive coupling of a carbonyl group with an intramolecular O-methyl oxime moiety gave the corresponding cyclized product stereoselectively.
The Cp<sub>2</sub>TiPh-Mediated Reductive Radical Cyclization of Cyanoketones and Related Reactions. Efficient Trapping of Ketyl Radicals by Cp<sub>2</sub>TiPh-Coordinated Polar Multiple Bonds
The reductive radical cyclization of cyanoketones was achieved using Cp2TiPh. The Ti(III) reagent was prepared by the sequential addition of i-PrMgCl and PhMgBr to commercial Cp2TiCl2 in this order and used effectively without isolation. The cyclization of the gamma- and delta-cyanoketones was performed in toluene at ambient temperature for several hours to give alpha-hydroxycyclopentanones and hexanones in moderate to good yields, respectively. The titanium reagent independently coordinates to both the carbonyl and cyano termini. As a result of lowering the LUMO of the cyano group upon coordination of the Ti(III) species, the irreversible cyclization successfully proceeds without formation of the unstable iminyl radical intermediate. The ester group can also be activated by the coordination of Cp2TiPh, and aromatic ketones with an ester group at the gamma position are cyclized to give the corresponding alpha-hydroxyketones.