Organic nitriles are converted into cyanide ions through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Cyanide is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96)
Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性(未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)
Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)
[EN] PANTETHENOYLCYSTEINE DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE PANTÉTHÉNOYLCYSTÉINE ET LEURS UTILISATIONS
申请人:COMET THERAPEUTICS INC
公开号:WO2020198573A1
公开(公告)日:2020-10-01
The present disclosure relates to compounds of Formula (I) or (II): (Formulae (I), (II)), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof. The present disclosure also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and therapeutic and diagnostic uses of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.
This invention relates to chemical uncouplers with a broader safety window making the use of them in treating obesity and, consequently, in the treatment of obesity related diseases and conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes (NIDDM (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus)), impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis and various types of cancer such as endometrial, breast, prostate and colon cancers and the risk for premature death as well as other conditions, such as diseases and disorders, which conditions are improved by an increase in mitochondrial respiration, more attractive.
[EN] MACROCYCLIC PANTETHEINE DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS MACROCYCLIQUES DE LA PANTÉTHÉINE ET LEURS UTILISATIONS
申请人:COMET THERAPEUTICS INC
公开号:WO2021108579A1
公开(公告)日:2021-06-03
The present disclosure relates to compounds of Formulae (I) or (II): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof. The present disclosure also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and therapeutic and diagnostic uses of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.
NOVEL COMPOUND HAVING MALATE DEHYDROGENASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING OR TREATING CANCER COMPRISING SAME AS ACTIVE INGREDIENT
申请人:DONGGUK UNIVERSITY GYEONGJU CAMPUS INDUSTRY-ACADEMY COOPERATION FOUNDATION
公开号:US20200031764A1
公开(公告)日:2020-01-30
The present invention relates to a compound exhibiting inhibitory activity of at least one of malate dehydrogenases I (MDH1) and malate dehydrogenases 2 (MDH2), and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancer comprising the same as an active ingredient. The inventors of the present invention have experimentally confirmed that the compound exhibiting the MDH1 and/or MDH2 inhibitory activity has an inhibitory effect on mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells, an excellent inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth, etc. Thus, the compound of the present invention is expected to be effectively used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer.
[EN] DIRECT AMPK ACTIVATOR COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS ACTIVATEURS DIRECTS DE L'AMPK
申请人:NESTLE SA
公开号:WO2019228794A1
公开(公告)日:2019-12-05
The present invention relates to a compound having general formula I for use in the activation of AMPK. A composition comprising said compound for use in the activation of AMPK is also provided. Said compounds are 9,10 dihydrophenanthrenes, in particular selected from the group consisting of: (i) Lusianthridin i.e. 7- Methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,5-diol, (ii) 7-Methoxy-9,10- dihydrophenanthrene-2,3,5-triol, (iii) 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,5- diol, (iv) 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene-2,4,7-triol (v) 9,10-Dihydro-7- methoxy-3,5-phenanthrenediol, and the activation of AMPK improves the condition, disorder, or disease related to cardiometabolic health, obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.