Oxiranylcarbinyl Radicals from Allyloxyl Radical Cyclization: Characterization and Kinetic Information via ESR Spectroscopy1
摘要:
An ESR spin-trapping technique has been used for the detection of oxiranylcarbinyl radicals as discrete reaction intermediates, formed via cyclization of allyloxyl radicals. The latter were obtained by photolysis of the corresponding nitrites, which were generated directly via an exchange reaction between the appropriate allylic alcohols and tert-butyl nitrite (which also acts as the spin-trap). Experiments have also been conducted with the spin-trap 2,4,6-tribromonitrosobenzene, which has allowed a study to be made of the competition between ring closure and p-scission of a variety of allyloxyl species.
Steric Hindrance Facilitated Synthesis of Enynes and Their Intramolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition with Alkynes
作者:Juan J. González、Andrés Francesch、Diego J. Cárdenas、Antonio M. Echavarren
DOI:10.1021/jo9717853
日期:1998.5.1
The palladium-catalyzed insertion of 1-alkynes into internal alkynes which are bent out of linearity by the interference with a peri or ortho substituent led to enynes regioselectively. The resulting enynes undergo a new type of intramolecular thermal cycloaddition, which can be used for the annulation of an aryl ring onto naphthalene derivatives to afford fluranthenes. The cyclization of (E)-1-(1-buten-3-ynyl)-8-ethynylnaphthalene could also be performed in the presence of a Cu(I) catalyst at room temperature.
Stereoselective syntheses of deuterium labelled marmesins; valuable metabolic probes for mechanistic studies in furanocoumarin biosynthesis
作者:Volker Stanjek、Martin Miksch、Wilhelm Boland
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10237-x
日期:1997.12
Stereoselective syntheses of deuterium labelled marmesins 3a-3e as metabolic probes for biosynthetic studies are described. Starting from iodo-umbelliferone (5), the title compounds were readily available by copper catalysed alkylation-cyclisation and subsequent transfer-hydrogenation of the resulting furanocoumarins 6a-6e. The bioconversion of marmesin by a microsomal preparation of A. majus yielded psoralene (4) and acetone in a single step and proceeded as a syn-elimination of the alkoxy-substituent together with a single hydrogen atom from a vicinal carbon atom (beta-cleavage). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Biosynthesis of Angular Furanocoumarins: Mechanism and Stereochemistry of the Oxidative Dealkylation of Columbianetin to Angelicin inHeracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae)
Deuterium-labelled 5-fluorocolumbianetin 13 was synthesized as a metabolic probe to examine the stereochemical course of the bioconversion of (+)-columbianetin (12) into the angular furocoumarin angelicin (5). In leaves of Heracleum mantegazzianum, oxidative dealkylation of the specifically deuterated fluorocolumbianetin 13 proceeded by syn-elimination of a D-atom, from C(9), and the vicinal 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl substituent, yielding 5-fluoroangelicin (23). This matches the stereochemical course of the related reaction converting (+)-marmesin (10) into the linear furocoumarin psoralen (1). Key steps in the synthesis of 5-fluorocolumbianetin (13) were the copper-catalysed alkynylation/cyclization of 5-fluoro-8-iedoumbelliferone (15) followed by a transfer hydrogenation, which established the cis-orientation of the D-Atom and the 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl substituent.