Asymmetric iodolactonization of gamma- and delta-unsaturated carboxylic acids has been explored in the presence of six different chiral organocatalysts 5-8. The catalyst 6b was found to facilitate the cyclization of 5-arylhex-5-enoic acids 1 to the corresponding iodolactones 2 with up to 96% ee. By this protocol, unsaturated carboxylic acids are converted enantioselectively to synthetically useful delta-lactones in high yields using commercially available NIS. Apparently, both hydrogen bonding and aryl/aryl interactions are important for efficient stereodifferentiation.
Achiral Counterion Control of Enantioselectivity in a Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Iodolactonization
作者:Mark C. Dobish、Jeffrey N. Johnston
DOI:10.1021/ja301858r
日期:2012.4.11
Highly enantioselective halolactonizations have been developed that employ a chiral proton catalyst-N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) reagent system in which the Brønsted acid is used at catalyst loadings as low as 1 mol %. An approach that modulates the achiral counterion (equimolar to the neutral chiral ligand-proton complex present at low catalyst loadings) to optimize the enantioselection is documented for
A 3,3'-bis(aminoimino)BINOL ligand was newly designed and synthesized for the formation of a trinuclear Zn complex upon reaction with Zn(OAc)2. Using the harmony of the tri-zinc atoms, 1 mol% Zn3(OAc)4-3,3'-bis(aminoimino)binaphthoxide catalyzed asymmetriciodolactonization in up to 99.9% ee.
Binding the anion: A highly enantioselectiveiodolactonization of 5‐hexenoic acids has been achieved using a tertiary aminourea‐catalyst (see scheme). The use of catalytic iodine in this process is critical to enhancing both the reactivity and enantioselectivity of the stoichiometric I+ source. The mechanism is proposed to involve binding of an iodonium imidate intermediate by the H‐bond donor catalyst
结合阴离子:使用叔氨基脲催化剂实现了 5-己烯酸的高度对映选择性碘内酯化(参见方案)。在该过程中使用催化碘对于提高化学计量 I +源的反应性和对映选择性至关重要。该机制被认为涉及通过氢键供体催化剂结合亚胺酸碘鎓中间体。
An asymmetric iodolactonization reaction catalyzed by a zinc bis-proline–phenol complex
The intramolecular zinc bis-proline-phenol complex 2a was found to promote enantioselective iodolactonization reactions of both electron-rich and electron-poor 5-aryl-5-hexenoic acids affording delta-iodolactones in good chemical yields with up to 82% enantiomeric excess. The reactions were found to be insensitive to air and moisture, providing an experimentally simple protocol for synthetically useful compounds. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Role of Ni-Carboxylate During Catalytic Asymmetric Iodolactonization Using PyBidine-Ni(OAc)2
作者:Takayoshi Arai、Satoshi Kajikawa、Eri Matsumura
DOI:10.1055/s-0033-1339676
日期:——
The combination of a PyBidine-Ni(OAc)(2) complex with a catalytic amount of iodine efficiently catalyzed asymmetric iodolactonization to generate chiral iodolactones with up to 89% enantiomeric excess. The formation of an intermediate Ni-carboxylate species from the alkenyl carboxylic acid is a key role in promoting the iodolactonization.