Diastereoselective ring-opening aldol-type reaction of 2,2-dialkoxycyclopropanecarboxylic esters with carbonyl compounds. 2. Synthesis of cis-2,3-substituted-γ-lactones
The reaction of 3-alkyl-2,2-dialkoxycyclopropanecarboxylic esters 1d–i with symmetrical ketones and formaldehyde was investigated. Cyclopropanes 1d–i react with symmetrical ketones and formaldehyde in the presence of TiCl4 to give cis-2,3-substituted-γ-lactones in good yields with high diastereoselectivity. In the reaction of 3-ethylcyclopropane 1d, the reaction conditions hardly influenced the diastereoselectivity
Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of<i>cis</i>-2,3-Disubstituted γ-Lactones by the Reaction of 2,2-Dialkoxy-3-alkylcyclopropanecarboxylic Esters with Symmetric Ketones
In the presence of titanium(IV) chloride, 2,2-dialkoxy-3-alkylcyclopropanecarboxylic esters reacted with symmetric ketones to give cis-2,3-disubstituted γ-lactones with high diastereoselectivity. The resulting cis-lactones were easily converted into trans-isomers by treatment with a catalytic amount of sodium ethoxide.
Diastereoselective Claisen Condensation-Type Reactions of Alkyl 2,2-Dialkoxycyclopropanecarboxylates with Esters and Acid Chlorides Promoted by Titanium(IV) Chloride
In the presence of titanium(IV) chloride, alkyl 2,2-dialkoxycyclopropane carboxylates reacted with esters and acid chlorides to give Claisen condensation-type products. The reaction essentially proceeded with extremely high diastereoselectivity.
Ring-opening aldol-type reaction of 2,2-dialkoxycyclopropanecarboxylic esters with carbonyl compounds. 3. The diastereoselective synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted .gamma.-lactones
The Lewis acid-promoted reaction of 3-alkyl-2,2-dialkoxycyclopropanecarboxylic esters 1d-h with aldehydes to give 2,3,4-trisubstituted gamma-lactones was investigated. The diastereoselectivity of this reaction is highly dependent on the catalyst employed. Thus while the ZrCl4-promoted reaction gave (2alpha,3alpha,4beta)-trisubstituted gamma-lactones in good yields with excellent selectivity, the SnBr4-promoted reaction was moderately selective for (2alpha,3alpha,4alpha)-trisubstituted gamma-lactones. The present reaction was applied to the synthesis of (+)589- and (-)589-dihydropertusaric acid (26). Comparison of the spectroscopic and physical data of synthetic 26 with those of a 4-alkyl-3-carboxy-2-methyl gamma-lactone isolated from the lichen Pertusaria albescens revealed that the relative stereochemistry of the natural gamma-lactone was not (2beta,3beta,4alpha), as reported by Huneck and his co-workers, but rather (2beta,3alpha,4alpha); that is, the natural gamma-lactone was not (-)589-dihydropertusaric acid (26), but (-)589-pertusarinic acid (27).