Rapid and Selective Nitroxyl (HNO) Trapping by Phosphines: Kinetics and New Aqueous Ligations for HNO Detection and Quantitation
摘要:
Recent studies distinguish the biological and pharmacological effects of nitroxyl (HNO) from its oxidized/deprotonated product nitric oxide (center dot NO), but the lack of HNO detection methods limits the understanding its in vivo mechanisms and the identification of endogenous sources. We previously demonstrated that reaction of HNO with triarylphosphines provides aza-ylides and HNO-derived amides, which may serve as stable HNO biomarkers. We now report a kinetic analysis for the trapping of HNO by phosphines, ligations of enzyme-generated HNO, and compatibility studies illustrating the selectivity of phosphines for HNO over other physiologically relevant nitrogen oxides. Quantification of HNO using phosphines is demonstrated using an HPLC-based assay and ligations of phosphine carbamates generate HNO-derived ureas. These results further demonstrate the potential of phosphine probes for reliable biological detection and quantification of HNO.
Novel α,α-Difluorohomophthalimides via Copper-Catalyzed Tandom Cross-Coupling−Cyclization of 2-Halobenzamides with α,α-Difluoro Reformatskii Reagent
作者:Yijun Pan、Christopher P. Holmes、David Tumelty
DOI:10.1021/jo050599r
日期:2005.6.1
Novel α,α-difluorohomophthalimides 2 were prepared by reacting N-substituted 2-halobenzamides with the α,α-difluoro Reformatskii reagent BrZnCF2CO2Et (3) in the presence of CuBr at room temperature. The synthesis involves a CuBr-mediated cross-coupling of 3 with aryl iodides or activated aryl bromides, followed by a spontaneous cyclization of the ethyl 2-benzamido-α,α-difluoroacetate intermediates
新颖α,α-difluorohomophthalimides 2通过反应制备ñ -取代2-卤代苯甲酰胺与α,α-二氟Reformatskii试剂BrZnCF 2 CO 2的Et(3)中的CuBr的在室温下的存在。合成过程涉及CuBr介导的3与芳基碘化物或活化的芳基溴化物的交叉偶联,然后在室温下自生环化2-苯甲酰胺基-α,α-二氟乙酸乙酯中间体。还通过使3当量的3进行反应,制备了带有能够充当羧酸生物等排体的酸性酰亚胺质子的N-未取代的α,α-二氟邻苯二甲酰亚胺2(R'= H)。与母体2-碘苯甲酰胺。其他芳基碘化物,例如3-碘-咪唑并[1,2-α]吡啶也用于串联偶联-环化反应。
Rapid and Selective Nitroxyl (HNO) Trapping by Phosphines: Kinetics and New Aqueous Ligations for HNO Detection and Quantitation
作者:Julie A. Reisz、Charles N. Zink、S. Bruce King
DOI:10.1021/ja203652z
日期:2011.8.3
Recent studies distinguish the biological and pharmacological effects of nitroxyl (HNO) from its oxidized/deprotonated product nitric oxide (center dot NO), but the lack of HNO detection methods limits the understanding its in vivo mechanisms and the identification of endogenous sources. We previously demonstrated that reaction of HNO with triarylphosphines provides aza-ylides and HNO-derived amides, which may serve as stable HNO biomarkers. We now report a kinetic analysis for the trapping of HNO by phosphines, ligations of enzyme-generated HNO, and compatibility studies illustrating the selectivity of phosphines for HNO over other physiologically relevant nitrogen oxides. Quantification of HNO using phosphines is demonstrated using an HPLC-based assay and ligations of phosphine carbamates generate HNO-derived ureas. These results further demonstrate the potential of phosphine probes for reliable biological detection and quantification of HNO.