摘要:
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to measure the degree of intermolecular hydrogen bonding for 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butanol-d and 1-butanol-d in supercritical carbon dioxide and supercritical ethane solvents. Supercritical binary solutions containing up to 0.10 mol fraction alcohol were examined under conditions ranging from 200 to 400 bar at 40-degrees-C. In these fluids, an equilibrium appears to be established between the free non-hydrogen-bonded monomer and various hydrogen-bonded species. Aggregation numbers of these alcohols in carbon dioxide were in the range of 3.9-4.4 molecules per aggregate. The aggregate size in CO2 was, within experimental error, the same as found for supercritical ethane. Solute-solvent interactions were described using a semiempirical dielectric continuum model (Kirkwood-Bauer-Magat). The spectral evolution of a particular vibrational mode provided molecular level detail on the transition from a gas- to liquidlike solvation environment as the density of the supercritical fluid solvent was increased. The high solubility of the fluorinated alcohol in low dielectric constant fluids such as CO2 is primarily attributed to the weaker hydrogen-bonding energies of the fluorinated alcohol relative to those of the protonated alcohols. The contribution of fluorine repulsion to decreases in the attractive solute-solute interactions (i.e., steric hindrance) also acts to increase solubility in low dielectric constant supercritical fluids.