Syntheses and NMR behavior of calix[4]quinone and calix[4]hydroquinone
摘要:
Calix[4]quinone (7) and calix[4]hydroquinone (6) have been synthesis using three different synthetic pathways. The first pathway to 7 from calix[4]arene (1) consists of six steps: acetylation, Fries rearrangement, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation after acetylation, hydrolysis, and oxidation. The second pathway to 7 from 1 consists of four steps: acetylation, Fries rearrangement, reaction of the product obtained by Fries rearrangement with sodium azide, and oxidation. The third pathway to 7 from 1 is most convenient and consists of three steps: diazo coupling reaction, reduction, and oxidation. The NMR behavior of 6 and 7 is described.
It can be exploited to prepare quasi‐solid‐state rechargeable lithium batteries with a poly(methyl acrylate)/poly(ethylene glycol) based gel polymer electrolyte and a LiClO4/DMSO loading. It shows an initial discharge capacity of 422 mA h g−1 and a capacity retention of 379 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles.
充满容量:杯[4]醌(C4Q)具有八个可利用的羰基,用于结合锂离子(参见图片)。可以利用它来制备具有基于聚丙烯酸甲酯/聚乙二醇的凝胶聚合物电解质和LiClO 4 / DMSO负载的准固态可充电锂电池。它显示了100次循环后的初始放电容量为422 mA h g -1和379 mA h g -1的容量保持率。
One Step Synthesis of Calix[<i>n</i>]quinones through the HClO<sub>4</sub>/PbO<sub>2</sub>-Mediated Oxidation of Calix[<i>n</i>]arenes
A procedure using HClO4 and PbO2 allows the straightforward oxidation of para-substituted and unsubstituted calix[n]arenes into the corresponding calix[n]quinones in approximately 82 % yield per quinone unit. These mild conditions constitute a good alternative to the classical procedure that involves highly toxic thallium(III) salts in trifluoroacetic acid.
A rotatable cathode with tunable steric hindrance for high-performance aluminum organic batteries
作者:Mingshan Han、Qinqin Zhou、Meng Zhang、Jinshu Wang、Fangyan Cui、Yunfei Yang、Jingwen Su、Weiwei Huang、Yuxiang Hu
DOI:10.1039/d3ta00343d
日期:——
Rechargeable aluminumbatteries (RABs) with uniquely high energy-to-price ratios are promising energy storage systems. However, owing to the large-size active ions (e.g. AlCl4− and [AlCl2(urea)2]+) in state-of-the-art ionic-liquid RABs, the discharge–charge process usually encounters severe steric hindrance on electrodes, resulting in insufficient active-site utilization with limited practical capacity
具有独特的高能量价格比的可充电铝电池 (RAB) 是很有前途的储能系统。然而,由于大尺寸活性离子(例如AlCl 4 -和[AlCl 2 (urea) 2 ] +) 在最先进的离子液体 RAB 中,放电-充电过程通常在电极上遇到严重的空间位阻,导致活性位点利用率不足,实际容量有限,离子扩散动力学缓慢,倍率性能差. 在此,为了克服大尺寸活性离子的这些固有限制,我们首次提出了一种结构可旋转的阴极(基于醌的杯[4]醌(C4Q))用于具有高度降低空间位阻的 RAB,它通过密度泛函理论(DFT)模拟进一步验证。新应用的 C4Q 阴极实现了最高能量密度之一(在 0.1 A g -1时为 480 Wh kg -1),增强的倍率容量(在 1.0 A g 时为81 mA hg -1−1 ) 和RAB 的长期稳定性(500 次循环后 0.2 A g −1 时为 102 mA hg −1)。此外,通过一系列表征研究和相应的