Use of dihydroxyacetone phosphate-dependent aldolases in the synthesis of deoxy aza sugars
摘要:
The use of fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP), fuculose-1-phosphate (Fuc-1-P) and rhamnulose-1-phosphate (Rham-1-P) aldolases in organic synthesis is described. Fuc-1-P, Rham-1-P, and their phosphate-free species have been prepared and characterized. Both Fuc-1-P and Rham-1-P aldolases accept 3-azido-2-hydroxypropanal as a substrate to form L-omega-azidoketose phosphates, which upon dephosphorylation and hydrogenolysis on Pd/C, gave 1-deoxyazasugars structurally related to D-galactose and L-mannose. Hydrogenolysis of the enzyme products azidoketose 1-phosphates, however, gave 1,6-dideoxyazasugars structurally related to 6-deoxygalactose and L-rhamnose. Explanations for the stereoselectivity in the hydrogenolysis reactions were provided. Similarly, FDP aldolase catalyzed the aldol condensation reaction with 2-azido-3-hydroxypropanal to afford a new synthesis of 2(R),5(S)-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3(R),4(R)-dihydroxypyrrolidine, a potent inhibitor of a number of glycosidases. A new empirical formula is developed to relate the inhibition constants and inhibitor binding for alpha- and beta-glucosidases.
Various D-fructose analogues modified at C-1 or C-6 positions were synthesized from D-glucose by taking advantage of the Amadori rearrangement or using the aldol condensation between dihydroxyacetone phosphate and appropriate aldehyde catalyzed by fructose 1,6-diphosphatealdolase from rabbit muscle. The affinities of the analogues for the glucose transporter expressed in the mammalian form of Trypanosoma