Sensitised photolyses of ethoxycarbonyl oximes of aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones yielded iminyl radicals, which were characterised by EPR spectroscopy. Iminyls with suitably placed arene or heteroarene acceptors underwent cyclisations yielding phenanthridine-type products from ortho-additions. For benzofuran and benzothiophene acceptors, spiro-cyclisation predominated at low temperatures, but thermodynamic control ensured ortho-products, benzofuro- or benzothieno-isoquinolines, formed at higher temperatures. Estimates by steady-state kinetic EPR established that iminyl radical cyclisations onto aromatics took place about an order of magnitude more slowly than prototypical C-centred radicals. The cyclisation energetics were investigated by DFT computations, which gave insights into factors influencing the two cyclisation modes.
对芳香和杂芳酮的乙氧羰基肟的敏化光解产生了亚胺基自由基,通过EPR光谱表征。具有适当位置芳烃或杂芳烃受体的亚胺基经历环化反应,从邻加成中产生菲啶类产物。对苯并呋喃和苯并噻吩受体来说,在低温下,螺环化反应占主导地位,但热力学控制确保在较高温度下形成邻产物,苯并呋喃或苯并噻吩异喹啉。通过稳态动力学EPR估算,亚胺基自由基对芳香族的环化反应速度约比原型的C-中心自由基慢一个数量级。通过DFT计算研究了环化反应的能量学,揭示了影响两种环化模式的因素。