Multiple attention systems in perceptual categorization
摘要:
Five observers categorized inverted L-shaped stimuli according to the length of the horizontal line segment. A centrally located spatial cue preceded the stimulus on each trial. On 80% of the trials, the (relevant) horizontal line segment fell within the cued location, and on 20% of the trials the (irrelevant) vertical line segment fell within the cued location. The empirical results provide support for the hypothesis that perceptual attention can focus on the stimulus attribute inside the spatially cued location at the same time that decisional attention is focused on the (relevant) horizontal attribute-that is, the results suggest that perceptual and decisional attention can function independently during categorization. Decision bound models and extended generalized context models that assume separate perceptual and decisional attention systems were fitted to the data. Versions of the models that assume that the spatial cue affected perceptual attention were superior to versions that assume no effect on perceptual attention. These theoretical analyses support the functional independence hypothesis and suggest that formal theories of categorization should model the effects of perceptual and decisional attention separately.
Multiple attention systems in perceptual categorization
摘要:
Five observers categorized inverted L-shaped stimuli according to the length of the horizontal line segment. A centrally located spatial cue preceded the stimulus on each trial. On 80% of the trials, the (relevant) horizontal line segment fell within the cued location, and on 20% of the trials the (irrelevant) vertical line segment fell within the cued location. The empirical results provide support for the hypothesis that perceptual attention can focus on the stimulus attribute inside the spatially cued location at the same time that decisional attention is focused on the (relevant) horizontal attribute-that is, the results suggest that perceptual and decisional attention can function independently during categorization. Decision bound models and extended generalized context models that assume separate perceptual and decisional attention systems were fitted to the data. Versions of the models that assume that the spatial cue affected perceptual attention were superior to versions that assume no effect on perceptual attention. These theoretical analyses support the functional independence hypothesis and suggest that formal theories of categorization should model the effects of perceptual and decisional attention separately.
[EN] SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPENTADIENE COMPOUNDS AND METALLOCENES<br/>[FR] SYNTHÈSE DE COMPOSÉS DE CYCLOPENTADIÈNE SUBSTITUÉS ET DE MÉTALLOCÈNES
申请人:DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC
公开号:WO2020068420A1
公开(公告)日:2020-04-02
A method of synthesizing a substituted cyclopentadiene compound. The synthesis comprises a step of cyclizing, in the presence of a phosphorous pentoxide/methanesulfonic acid reagent, an alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid, cycloalkyl ester compound to make a substituted cyclopentenone compound, and converting the substituted cyclopentenone compound to the substituted cyclopentadiene compound. Also, a method of synthesizing a substituted metallocene compound comprising a metal-(substituted cyclopentadienyl ligand) complex, wherein the substituted cyclopentadienyl ligand is made from the substituted cyclopentadiene compound. A metal-(substituted cyclopentadienyl ligand) complex and substituted metallocene compound made by the method and a substituted metallocene catalyst made therefrom.
[EN] SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOPENTENONES<br/>[FR] SYNTHÈSE DE CYCLOPENTÉNONES
申请人:DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC
公开号:WO2020068419A1
公开(公告)日:2020-04-02
A method comprising synthesizing a substituted cyclopentenone compound via reaction of a substituted cycloalkyl acrylate ester in the presence of phosphorous pentoxide/methanesulfonic acid reagent to make the substituted cyclopentenone compound.
ETHER DERIVATIVES USEFUL AS INHIBITORS OF PDE4 ISOZYMES
申请人:Marfat Anthony
公开号:US20070161681A1
公开(公告)日:2007-07-12
Compounds useful as inhibitors of PDE4 in the treatment of diseases regulated by the activation and degranulation of eosinophils, especially asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, of the formula:
wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification.