SAR of Sponge-Inspired Hemibastadin Congeners Inhibiting Blue Mussel PhenolOxidase
作者:Hendrik Niemann、Jens Hagenow、Mi-Young Chung、Claire Hellio、Horst Weber、Peter Proksch
DOI:10.3390/md13053061
日期:——
Hemibastadin derivatives, including the synthetically-derived 5,5′-dibromohemibastadin-1 (DBHB), are potent inhibitors of blue mussel phenoloxidase (PO), which is a key enzyme involved in the firm attachment of this invertebrate to substrates and, thus, a promising molecular target for anti-fouling research. For a systematic investigation of the enzyme inhibitory activity of hemibastadin derivatives, we have synthesized nine new congeners, which feature structural variations of the DBHB core structure. These structural modifications include, e.g., different halogen substituents present at the aromatic rings, different amine moieties linked to the (E)-2-(hydroxyimino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, the presence of free vs. substituted aromatic hydroxyl groups and a free vs. methylated oxime group. All compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity towards the target enzyme in vitro, and IC50 values were calculated. Derivatives, which structurally closely resemble sponge-derived hemibastadins, revealed superior enzyme inhibitory properties vs. congeners featuring structural moieties that are absent in the respective natural products. This study suggests that natural selection has yielded structurally-optimized antifouling compounds.
Hemibastadin衍生物,包括合成衍生的5,5′-二溴海绵生物碱1(DBHB),是蓝贻贝酚氧化酶(PO)的有效抑制剂,PO是该无脊椎动物牢固附着于基材的重要酶,因此,成为了防污研究的有希望的分子靶点。为了系统地研究hemibastadin衍生物的酶抑制活性,我们合成了九种新的同系物,这些同系物在DBHB核心结构上具有结构变化。这些结构修改包括,例如,芳环上存在不同的卤素取代基、不同的胺基部分与(E)-2-(羟亚胺)-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酸相连、自由与取代的芳香醇羟基以及自由与甲基化的腙基。所有化合物在体外测试了它们对靶酶的抑制活性,并计算了IC50值。与在各自天然产物中缺失的结构部分的同系物相比,结构上与海绵来源的hemibastadins相似的衍生物表现出更优越的酶抑制特性。这项研究表明,自然选择产生了结构优化的防污化合物。