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sodium nitrite | 7632-00-0

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
sodium nitrite
英文别名
sodium nitrite NaNO2, β;sodium;nitrite
sodium nitrite化学式
CAS
7632-00-0
化学式
NO2*Na
mdl
——
分子量
68.9953
InChiKey
LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    271 °C (lit.)
  • 沸点:
    320 °C
  • 密度:
    2.17g/cm3
  • 溶解度:
    酸水溶液:每毫升H2O可溶性1-2μl乙酸
  • 物理描述:
    Sodium nitrite appears as a yellowish white crystalline solid. Noncombustible but will accelerate the burning of combustible material. If large quantities are involved in a fire or if the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result. If contaminated by ammonium compounds, spontaneous decomposition can occur and the resulting heat may ignite surrounding combustible material. Prolonged exposure heat may result in an explosion. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires involving this material. Used as a food preservative, and to make other chemicals.
  • 颜色/状态:
    White, orthorhombic crystals
  • 味道:
    Slightly salty taste
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    1. 亚硝酸钠具有氧化性,与有机物接触时可能会燃烧和爆炸,并释放出有毒和刺激性的过氧化氮及一氧化氮气体。 2. 它易吸湿,在空气中容易被氧化成硝酸钠。作为食品添加剂中急性毒性较强的物质之一,摄入大剂量的亚硝酸钠会使得血红蛋白变成高铁血红蛋白失去输氧能力,导致身体组织缺氧,严重时可致死。 3. 亚硝酸钠具有很强的吸湿性,在常温下缓慢氧化,加热至320℃以上则分解出氮气、氧气及一氧化氮,最终生成氧化钠。与有机物接触会引发燃烧和爆炸。在160~162℃之间存在一个转化点,此时物理性质如膨胀性、导电性和比热等都会发生变化。亚硝酸钠易溶于水及液氨,其水溶液呈碱性(pH=9),微溶于无水乙醇、甲醇和乙醚。暴露在空气中会逐渐氧化为硝酸钠,加热至320℃以上分解出氧气和一氧化氮,最终生成氧化钠。与有机物接触可引发燃烧或爆炸。亚硝酸钠有毒! 4. 亚硝酸钠易吸湿,建议存放在干燥处。禁配强还原剂、活性金属粉末、强酸、铵盐、可燃物粉末或氰化物。 5. 应避免受热环境。 6. 不会发生聚合反应。 7. 分解产物为氮氧化物。
  • 自燃温度:
    1000 °F (NTP, 1992)
  • 分解:
    Decomp above 320 °C; Decomp even by weak acids with evolution of brown fumes of nitrogen oxide.
  • 折光率:
    Refractive index at 598 nm: alpha=1.35, beta=1.65, gamma=1.65

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -2.75
  • 重原子数:
    4
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    52.5
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    3

ADMET

代谢
肠内细菌参与了亚硝酸盐的还原... 吸收的亚硝酸盐在血液中通过哺乳动物过程迅速被氧化成硝酸盐... 硝酸盐生成过程与高铁血红蛋白(MetHb)的形成平行... 亚硝酸盐在吸收前也可能在胃中氧化成硝酸盐,如小鼠体内实验所示。然而,在体内条件下,亚硝酸盐可能在大量化硝酸盐形成之前从胃中被吸收。/亚硝酸盐/
... Intestinal bacteria were involved in the reduction of nitrite ... Absorbed nitrite is rapidly oxidized to nitrate in the blood by a mammalian process ... The process of nitrate generation parallels the methemoglobin (MetHb) formation ... Nitrite oxidation to nitrate may also occur in the stomach prior to absorption, as demonstrated in vitro for mice. However, under in vivo conditions, nitrite is probably absorbed from the stomach before large quantities of nitrate are formed. /Nitrite/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在某些条件下,亚硝酸盐可能被细菌进一步还原为氮气。在血液中,亚硝酸盐将血红蛋白转化为高铁血红蛋白,并同时被氧化为硝酸盐。正常情况下,高铁血红蛋白会通过酶促反应逐渐恢复为血红蛋白。亚硝酸盐具有血管舒张性质,可能是通过转化为一氧化氮(NO)或含有一氧化氮的分子作为平滑肌松弛的信号因子。在酸性环境中,亚硝酸盐容易转化为亚硝化剂,并能与多种化合物反应,例如抗坏血酸、胺、酰胺。亚硝化作用也可以由细菌介导,例如在胃中。一些反应产物具有致癌性(例如,大多数亚硝胺和酰胺)。/硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐/
... Nitrite may be further reduced to nitrogen by bacteria under some conditions. In blood, nitrite transforms hemoglobin to methemoglobin and is simultaneously oxidized to nitrate. Normally methemoglobin gradually reverts to hemoglobin through enzymatic reactions. Nitrite has vasodilating properties, probably through transformation into nitric oxide (NO) or a NO-containing molecule acting as a signal factor for smooth muscle relaxation. Nitrite easily transforms into a nitrosating agent in an acidic environment and can react with a variety of compounds, eg ascorbic acid, amines, amides. Nitrosation can also be mediated by bacteria, eg in the stomach. Some reaction products are carcinogenic (eg most nitrosoamines and amides). /Nitrate and nitrite/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在人类受试者摄入富含硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和/或胺的餐食后,未发现血液中硝基胺水平有显著增加或仅有轻微增加。
No or very slight increase in blood nitrosamine level was found in human subjects after consumption of nitrate-, nitrite-, and/or amine-rich meals /Nitrate, nitrite, and amine/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
亚硝酸盐代谢的细节在认识到在某些生理条件,如低氧下,亚硝酸盐可以转化为一氧化氮后变得更加复杂。这代表了对众所周知的一氧化氮到亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐途径的逆转。如前所述,20世纪80年代的实验表明,亚硝酸盐离子可以与脱氧血红蛋白反应释放一氧化氮,但这些实验是在体外进行的,其潜在的生理相关性并不明显。Zweier等人(1995年)报告称,在一个用于模拟缺血的灌注心脏模型中,亚硝酸盐离子在体内直接转化为一氧化氮,这证明了早期的观察确实具有生化意义。这些研究随后进行了一系列相关实验,表明对亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐生物化学的兴趣复兴。基于摄入和内源性合成的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、一氧化氮以及一些相关物种之间广泛而有时微妙的相互作用,以及生物体的生理学,已经出现了一个亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐代谢模型。
The details of nitrite metabolism became a more complex when it was recognized that conversion of nitrite into nitric oxide can occur under certain physiological conditions such as hypoxia. This represents a reversal of the well-known nitric oxide-to-nitrite/nitrate pathways. As noted earlier, experiments in the 1980s showed that the nitrite ion could react with deoxygenated hemoglobin to release nitric oxide, but these experiments were carried out in vitro and their potential physiological relevance was not apparent. Zweier et al. (1995) reported that, in a perfused heart model for ischaemia, nitrite ion was converted in vivo directly into nitric oxide, which demonstrated that the earlier observations did in fact have biochemical implications. These studies have been followed by several related experiments indicating a renewed interest in the biochemistry of nitrite/nitrate. A model for nitrite/nitrate metabolism has emerged based on extensive and sometimes subtle interactions among ingested and endogenously synthesized nitrate, nitrite, nitric oxide and some related species, and the physiology of the organism.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
食品中的亚硝酸盐在人类中的致癌性证据有限。食品中的亚硝酸盐与胃癌发病率的增加有关。在实验动物中,亚硝酸盐与胺或酰胺结合具有致癌性的证据是充分的。亚硝酸盐本身在实验动物中的致癌性证据有限。总体评估:在导致内源性亚硝化的条件下摄入硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐可能对人类具有致癌性(2A组)。
There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of nitrite in food. Nitrite in food is associated with an increased incidence of stomach cancer. ...There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of nitrite in combination with amines or amides. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of nitrite per se. Overall evaluation: Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其气溶胶和通过吞食被吸收进人体。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.
来源:ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)
毒理性
  • 吸入症状
蓝色嘴唇、手指甲和皮肤。混乱。抽搐。眩晕。头痛。恶心。失去意识。
Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Confusion. Convulsions. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Unconsciousness.
来源:ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)
毒理性
  • 眼睛症状
红斑。疼痛。
Redness. Pain.
来源:ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)
毒理性
  • 摄入症状
心率增加。参见吸入部分。
Increased heart rate. See Inhalation.
来源:ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)
吸收、分配和排泄
在给予小鼠400、800或1200毫克硝酸钠口服饮水的实验中,剂量的99.1%至99.5%被排出。剩余的亚硝酸盐转化为硝酸盐,并从肝脏和肌肉中恢复。
In mice given 400, 800, or 1200 mg sodium nitrite orally in drinking water 99.1 to 99.5% of the dose was eliminated. The remaining nitrite was transformed into nitrate & recovered from the liver & muscle.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐口服后在上消化道被吸收并转移到血液中。食物中丰富的果胶可能会延迟吸收,使得吸收可能在肠道更低的部位发生,这可能会增加硝酸盐被微生物转化为亚硝酸盐的风险。
Nitrate and nitrite given orally are absorbed and transferred to the blood in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. Abundant pectin in the food may delay absorption which may then occur lower down in the intestine, with possible increased risk for microbial transformation of nitrate into nitrite. /Nitrate and nitrite/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
无论暴露途径如何,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐都会迅速进入血液。亚硝酸盐逐渐被氧化成硝酸盐,硝酸盐易于分布到大多数体液(尿液、唾液、胃液、汗液、回肠造口液)中。已经证实,口服硝酸钠后,硝酸盐会分布到血浆、红细胞、唾液和尿液中... /硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐/
Regardless of route of exposure, nitrate and nitrite are rapidly transferred into the blood. Nitrite is gradually oxidized to nitrate which is readily distributed into most body fluids (urine, saliva, gastric juice, sweat, ileostomy fluid). Distribution of nitrate into plasma, erythrocytes, saliva and urine following an oral dose of sodium nitrate has been demonstrated ... /Nitrate and nitrite/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
给怀孕大鼠口服2.5-50毫克/千克的剂量时,发生了硝酸盐的胎盘传递。
... Transplacental passage of nitrite occurred in pregnant rats given doses at 2.5-50 mg/kg orally ...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    5.1
  • 危险品标志:
    T
  • 安全说明:
    S26,S36,S45,S61
  • 危险类别码:
    R8,R50,R25
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 海关编码:
    2834299090
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 3219 5.1/PG 3
  • 危险类别:
    5.1
  • RTECS号:
    RA1225000
  • 包装等级:
    III
  • 危险标志:
    GHS03,GHS06,GHS09
  • 危险性描述:
    H272,H301,H319,H400
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P210,P220,P221,P305 + P351 + P338,P370 + P378
  • 储存条件:
    储存注意事项: - 储存于阴凉、干燥、通风良好的专用库房内。 - 远离火种、热源,库温不超过30℃,相对湿度不超过75%。 - 包装要求密封,不可与空气接触。 - 应与还原剂、活性金属粉末、酸类及食用化学品分开存放,切忌混储。 - 储区应备有合适的材料收容泄露物。

SDS

SDS:90f2d210522fa5a3078d9c84046db543
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第一部分:化学品名称

制备方法与用途

亚硝酸钠是一种重要的化工产品,具有多种用途。以下是一些关键信息:

主要用途
  • 肉类发色剂:用于保持肉制品的红润色泽。
  • 防腐剂和抗微生物剂:提高腌肉风味,抑制细菌生长。
生产方法
  1. 吸收法
    • 使用碳酸钠溶液吸收硝酸或硝酸盐生产过程中排出的含氮氧化物气体(NO、NO2)。
    • 通过调节尾气中一氧化氮与二氧化氮的比例,生成亚硝酸钠和硝酸钠混合液。
    • 蒸发浓缩该溶液,在适宜温度下结晶析出亚硝酸钠。
化学反应方程式
  • 吸收法的几个典型化学方程式如下: [ \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 + \text{NO} + \text{NO}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{NaNO}_2 + \text{CO}_2 \uparrow ] [ \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 + 2\text{NO}_2 \rightarrow \text{NaNO}_2 + \text{NaNO}_3 + \text{CO}_2 \uparrow ]
物理化学性质
  • 外观与性状:白色粉末或颗粒。
  • 溶解性:微溶于冷水,易溶于热水。
安全注意事项
  • 毒性分级:高毒。
  • 急性毒性
    • 口服-大鼠 LD50: 85 毫克/公斤;
    • 口服-小鼠LD50; 175 毫克/公斤。
灭火方法
  • 使用雾状水或沙土进行灭火。
储存与运输
  • 应存放在通风干燥的库房中,避免与有机物、还原剂、硫磷等易燃物混放。
  • 注意低温储存以防止分解产生有害气体。

通过以上信息,可以全面了解亚硝酸钠的基本性质及其在工业和日常生活中的应用。

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    3-tert-Butylperoxypropionamid 、 sodium nitrite 以59%的产率得到
    参考文献:
    名称:
    RAXIMOV A. I.; BAKLANOV A. V., ZH. ORG. XIMII, 1979, 15, HO 5, 930-937
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    ROYEN, LUC VAN;PUTSEYS, ROLAND;HERCK, WILLY VAN;SLUYTS, DOMIEN;PYPE, ROBE+
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    N,N-dichloro-anilineα-Chlor-α-methyl-β-(2,3-dichlor-phenyl)-propionaldehyd盐酸sodium nitrite 、 CaO 、 2-甲基丙烯醛氯化亚铜 、 diazonium salt 作用下, 以 溶剂黄146 为溶剂, 120.0 ℃ 、177.32 Pa 条件下, 反应 12.5h, 生成 2,3-dichloroaniline hydrochloride
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Process for the arylation of olefines
    摘要:
    一种芳基化烯烃化合物的方法,通过将芳基基团加到所述烯烃化合物的双键上,包括在含有较低的烷酸的水溶性酸性溶液中重氮化芳胺,以形成一种芳基重氮盐溶液,并在有机溶剂中,在催化剂作用下的有效量的卤化铜的存在下,将所述芳基重氮盐溶液与烯烃化合物反应。烷酸的量为所用溶剂总量的约15%至37%体积。烷酸最好是乙酸,卤化铜最好是氯化亚铜。
    公开号:
    US04145362A1
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文献信息

  • Method of wound healing using A2B adenosine receptor antagonists
    申请人:Zeng Dewan
    公开号:US20060058322A1
    公开(公告)日:2006-03-16
    The present invention relates to methods of wound healing using A 2B adenosine receptor antagonists. The invention also relates to methods for the preparation of such compounds, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
    本发明涉及使用A2B腺苷受体拮抗剂进行伤口愈合的方法。该发明还涉及制备这种化合物的方法,以及含有它们的药物组合物。
  • Benzimidazole Derivatives As PI3 Kinase Inhibitors
    申请人:GlaxoSmithKline LLC
    公开号:US20140378456A1
    公开(公告)日:2014-12-25
    This invention relates to the use of benzimidazole derivatives for the modulation, notably the inhibition of the activity or function of the phosphoinositide 3′ OH kinase family (hereinafter PI3 kinases), suitably, PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, PI3Kβ, and/or PI3Kγ. Suitably, the present invention relates to the use of benzimidazoles in the treatment of one or more disease states selected from: autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, allergy, asthma, pancreatitis, multiorgan failure, kidney diseases, platelet aggregation, cancer, sperm motility, transplantation rejection, graft rejection and lung injuries. More suitably, the present invention relates to PI3Kβ selective benzimidazoles compounds for treating cancer.
    本发明涉及苯并咪唑衍生物的使用,用于调节磷脂酰肌醇3′ OH激酶家族(以下简称PI3激酶)的活性或功能,特别是抑制其活性或功能,适当地,PI3Kα、PI3Kδ、PI3Kβ和/或PI3Kγ。适当地,本发明涉及苯并咪唑在治疗以下一种或多种疾病状态中的使用:自身免疫性疾病、炎症性疾病、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、过敏、哮喘、胰腺炎、多器官衰竭、肾脏疾病、血小板聚集、癌症、精子运动能力、移植排斥、移植物排斥和肺部损伤。更适当地,本发明涉及PI3Kβ选择性苯并咪唑化合物用于治疗癌症。
  • AZAADAMANTANE DERIVATIVES AND METHODS OF USE
    申请人:AbbVie Inc.
    公开号:US20150158867A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-06-11
    The invention relates to compounds that are azaadamantane derivatives, particularly ether- or amine-substituted azaadamantane derivatives and salts and prodrugs thereof, compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds and compositions, processes for preparing such compounds, and intermediates obtained during such processes.
    本发明涉及的化合物是氮杂金刚烷衍生物,特别是醚或胺基取代的氮杂金刚烷衍生物及其盐和前药,包括这种化合物的组合物,使用这种化合物和组合物的方法,制备这种化合物的过程以及在这种过程中获得的中间体。
  • PYRIMIDINYL AND 1,3,5-TRIAZINYL BENZIMIDAZOLE SULFONAMIDES AND THEIR USE IN CANCER THERAPY
    申请人:Rewcastle Gordon William
    公开号:US20100249099A1
    公开(公告)日:2010-09-30
    Provided herein are pyrimidinyl and 1,3,5-triazinyl benzimidazole sulfonamides, e.g., compounds of Formulae IA, IB, and IC, and their pharmaceutical compositions, preparation, and use as agents or drugs for cancer therapy, either alone or in combination with radiation and/or other anticancer drugs.
    本文提供了嘧啶基和1,3,5-三嗪基苯并咪唑磺酰胺,例如公式IA、IB和IC的化合物及其制备方法、制药组合物,并用作单独或与放射线和/或其他抗癌药物联合治疗癌症的药物或药剂。
  • Biaryl Ether Urea Compounds
    申请人:FAY Lorraine Kathleen
    公开号:US20080261941A1
    公开(公告)日:2008-10-23
    The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; processes for the preparation of the compounds; intermediates used in the preparation of the compounds; compositions containing the compounds; and uses of the compounds in treating diseases or conditions associated with fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity.
    本发明涉及式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐;制备该化合物的方法;用于制备该化合物的中间体;含有该化合物的组合物;以及用于治疗与脂肪酸酰胺水解酶(FAAH)活性相关的疾病或病况的该化合物的用途。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
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ir
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  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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