Detoxification of Paraquat Poisoning: Effects of Alkylsulfates and Alkylsulfonates on Paraquat Poisoning in Mice and Rats.
作者:Teruo TSUCHIYA、Takamasa YOSHIDA、Atsumune IMAEDA、Tadashi KIHO、Shigeo UKAI
DOI:10.1248/bpb.18.523
日期:——
The study revealed that high molecular polyvinyl sulfate (PVP) or sulfonate (PVS), and low molecular alkyldisulfonates (NaO3S (CH2)nSO3Na, n=2-5 : EDS, TDS, BDS and PDS) can alleviate acute toxicity of the herbicide, paraquat dichloride (PQ) in mice. Their activity as antidotes and the mode of the action varied depending on molecular size. The survival rate for mice receiving PQ at 200 mg/kg alone was increasingly improved when the dose of antidotes was increased from 8 to 10 times the dose of PQ ; all the test compounds, except EDS (70% survival), achieved a survival rate of 100%. When test compounds were orally dosed to mice in a mixture with PQ, they improved LD50 of PQ alone. With the low molecular compounds EDS, TDS, BDS and PDS, the value increased to about 2 to 3 times (300-458 mg/kg) over that of PQ alone (140 mg/kg). With high molecular PVS and PVP, the combination reached about a 7 fold (900-1000 mg/kg) increase in LD50 value. The formation of lipid peroxide in lungs of rats due to PQ tended to be suppressed by concomitant administration of carbohydrate sulfate (DS and GS). PVP, BDS and TDS were more effective in depressing synthesis of lipid peroxide than DS or GS in the lungs, although BDS and TDS were less effective in suppressing PQ absorption from the rat small intestine than DS, GS or PVP. The results of these experiments indicate that the main mechanism for the detoxification of a high molecular alkylsulfate or sulfonate, and a low molecular alkyldisulfonate must be suppression of PQ absorption from the intestine, similar to that of carbohydrate sulfate. In addition, a low molecular alkyldisulfonate (BDS and TDS) was also proved to be significantly effective in suppressing the formation of lipid peroxide in the lungs.
研究发现,高分子聚乙烯醇硫酸盐(PVP)或磺酸盐(PVS)以及低分子烷基二磺酸盐(NaO3S (CH2)nSO3Na, n=2-5 : EDS, TDS, BDS 和 PDS)可以减轻除草剂百草枯二氯化物(PQ)对小鼠的急性毒性。它们作为解毒剂的活性和作用方式因分子大小而异。当解毒剂的剂量从百草枯剂量的 8 倍增加到 10 倍时,单独服用 200 毫克/千克百草枯的小鼠的存活率会越来越高;除 EDS(存活率为 70%)外,所有测试化合物的存活率都达到了 100%。将测试化合物与 PQ 混合口服给小鼠时,它们的半数致死剂量比单独使用 PQ 时有所提高。低分子化合物 EDS、TDS、BDS 和 PDS 的半数致死剂量比单用 PQ(140 毫克/千克)增加了约 2 至 3 倍(300-458 毫克/千克)。与高分子 PVS 和 PVP 结合使用时,半数致死剂量值增加了约 7 倍(900-1000 毫克/千克)。同时服用碳水化合物硫酸盐(DS 和 GS)可抑制 PQ 在大鼠肺部形成的过氧化脂质。在抑制肺部过氧化脂质的合成方面,PVP、BDS 和 TDS 比 DS 或 GS 更有效,但在抑制大鼠小肠对 PQ 的吸收方面,BDS 和 TDS 不如 DS、GS 或 PVP 有效。这些实验结果表明,高分子烷基硫酸盐或磺酸盐以及低分子烷基二磺酸盐的主要解毒机制必须是抑制肠道对 PQ 的吸收,这与碳水化合物硫酸盐的解毒机制类似。此外,低分子烷基二磺酸盐(BDS 和 TDS)在抑制肺部过氧化脂质的形成方面也被证明具有显著效果。