Starch as a green source for Fe3O4@carbon core–shell nanoparticles synthesis: a support for 12-tungstophosphoric acid, synthesis, characterization, and application as an efficient catalyst
12-Tungstophosphoric Acid Immobilized on γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub> Core–Shell Nanoparticles: An Effective Solid Acid Catalyst for the Synthesis of Indole Derivatives in Water
12-Tungstophosphoric acid immobilized on γ-Fe2O3@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles was used as novel solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of various bis(indolyl)methanes and β-functionalized indoles in water. The catalyst can be recovered simply using an external magnetic field and reused several times without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity.
Multicomponent reactions studies: Yonemitsu-type trimolecular condensations promoted by Ti(IV) derivatives
作者:Stéphane Gérard、Andrea Renzetti、Bérangère Lefevre、Antonella Fontana、Paolo de Maria、Janos Sapi
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.025
日期:2010.4
We have developed a Ti(IV)/Et3N-promoted trimolecular condensation of aromatic heterocycles (furan, pyrrole, imidazole, indole) with aldehydes and active methylene compounds. In the case of indole and methyl acetoacetate the reaction afforded three-component products or tricyclic cyclopenta[b]indole derivative, depending on the reaction conditions. In both cases, NMR analysis evidenced that titanium
我们已经开发出Ti(IV)/ Et 3 N促进的芳香族杂环(呋喃,吡咯,咪唑,吲哚)与醛和活性亚甲基化合物的三分子缩合。在吲哚和乙酰乙酸甲酯的情况下,根据反应条件,反应得到三组分产物或三环环戊[ b ]吲哚衍生物。在这两种情况下,NMR分析都表明烯醇钛是反应中涉及的反应性物质。
Starch as a green source for Fe3O4@carbon core–shell nanoparticles synthesis: a support for 12-tungstophosphoric acid, synthesis, characterization, and application as an efficient catalyst
作者:Ezzat Rafiee、Maryam Khodayari
DOI:10.1007/s11164-015-2229-5
日期:2016.4
12-Tungstophosphoric acid (PW) immobilized on carbon-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@C-PW) was prepared through a combination of hydrothermal and chemical co-precipitation. The intermediate carbon layer, which was produced from starch as a green material, protects the magnetic core and also improves the dispersion and catalytic activity of the nanoparticles. Characterization of this catalyst was investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometry, and the acidic properties were studied by NH3-temperature programmed desorption and potentiometric titration. The HRTEM image showed that the catalyst had a well-defined core–shell structure with an average particle size of 50 nm. The characterization data derived from FT-IR reveal that basic structure and geometry of the Keggin anion are preserved after synthesis of Fe3O4@C-PW. The as-prepared Fe3O4@C-PW was used as a nanocatalyst for the synthesis of various bis(indolyl)methanes and β-functionalized indoles in water. The catalyst can be recovered simply using an external magnetic field and reused several times without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity.