Divergent Dehydrogenative Coupling of Indolines with Alcohols
作者:Xue Jiang、Weijun Tang、Dong Xue、Jianliang Xiao、Chao Wang
DOI:10.1021/acscatal.6b03667
日期:2017.3.3
The dehydrogenativecoupling of indolines with alcohols catalyzed by an iridium complex has been achieved to afford both N- and C3-alkylated indoles selectively, by simply changing the addition time of a base additive. The iridacycle catalyst plays multiple roles in these reactions, which dehydrogenates both amines and alcohols and catalyzes the coupling reactions. Mechanistic studies reveal that a
A 1,4-substituted cyclic amine derivative represented by the following formula or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof:
1
wherein A, B, C, D, T, Y, and Z each represent a methine or a nitrogen linkage; R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, and R
5
each represent a substituent; n represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 3; m represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 6; and p represents an integer of 1 to 3. The compounds have serotonin antagonism. They are therefore clinically useful as medicaments, in particular, for treating, ameliorating, and preventing spastic paralysis. They are also useful as central muscle relaxants for ameliorating myotonia.
An efficient regioselective C-3 acylation of free indoles (N-H) has been accomplished via oxidative decarbethoxylation of easily available ethyl arylacetates using Cu(OAc)2 and KOtBu in DMSO.
Pd/C and RuCl2(PPh3)3/DPEphos effectively catalyzed the alkylation of indole with alcohols to give 3‐substituted indoles selectively. Various types of substrates were examined and were found to give the corresponding 3‐substituted indoles in up to 99 % yield. Under different reaction conditions, RuCl2(PPh3)3/DPEphos catalyzed the selective formation of bis(3‐indolyl)phenylmethane derivatives.
Manganese-Catalyzed Regioselective Dehydrogenative C- versus N-Alkylation Enabled by a Solvent Switch: Experiment and Computation
作者:Jannik C. Borghs、Viktoriia Zubar、Luis Miguel Azofra、Jan Sklyaruk、Magnus Rueping
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01270
日期:2020.6.5
base metal-catalyzed regioselective dehydrogenative alkylation of indolines using readily available alcohols as the alkylating reagent is reported. A single air- and moisture-stable manganese catalyst provides access to either C3- or N-alkylated indoles depending on the solvent used. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction takes place through a combined acceptorless dehydrogenation and hydrogen