β-bromocaproic acid | 82191-81-9

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 脂肪酰基
• 英文名称: β-bromocaproic acid
• 英文别名: 3-bromo-hexanoic acid；3-Brom-hexansaeure；3-Bromocaproic Acid；3-bromohexanoic acid
• CAS: 82191-81-9
• 化学式: C₆H₁₁BrO₂
• 分子量: 195.056
• InChiKey: LEUUKPQCGDMVCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  249.3±23.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.436±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.8
• 重原子数：
  9
• 可旋转键数：
  4
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.83
• 拓扑面积：
  37.3
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  2

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  β-bromocaproic acid 在 硼烷四氢呋喃络合物 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 hexanes 为溶剂， 以97%的产率得到3-bromo-hexan-1-ol
  参考文献：
  名称：

  亚磺酸盐和亚磺酰胺的分子内均质取代

  摘要：

  描述了基于在硫原子上被芳基或烷基自由基的分子内均质取代（S H i）合成环状亚磺酸酯和亚磺酰胺的通用且有效的方法。烷基和苯并稠合的化合物都可以直接从容易制备的无环前体中获得。对映体富集的硫基杂环是通过S H i过程形成的，硫原子上的构型反转。前手性自由基的环化进行的立体化学结果各不相同，具体取决于传入自由基的大小。2-吡啶基和2-喹啉基会生成联芳基化合物，这是由于攻击芳基亚磺酸盐的邻位而不是亲硫取代引起的。

  DOI：

  10.1002/chem.200900942
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  反式-2-己烯酸 在 氢溴酸 、 溶剂黄146 作用下， 反应 2.0h， 以96%的产率得到β-bromocaproic acid
  参考文献：
  名称：

  亚磺酸盐和亚磺酰胺的分子内均质取代

  摘要：

  描述了基于在硫原子上被芳基或烷基自由基的分子内均质取代（S H i）合成环状亚磺酸酯和亚磺酰胺的通用且有效的方法。烷基和苯并稠合的化合物都可以直接从容易制备的无环前体中获得。对映体富集的硫基杂环是通过S H i过程形成的，硫原子上的构型反转。前手性自由基的环化进行的立体化学结果各不相同，具体取决于传入自由基的大小。2-吡啶基和2-喹啉基会生成联芳基化合物，这是由于攻击芳基亚磺酸盐的邻位而不是亲硫取代引起的。

  DOI：

  10.1002/chem.200900942

文献信息

• Process for producing optically active 3-halogenocarboxylic acid ester and 3-azidocarboxylic acid ester
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20030225301A1

  公开（公告）日：2003-12-04

  A process for producing an optically active 3-azide-carboxylic acid ester by reacting an optically active 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester and a thionyl halide in the presence of a basic substance in an organic solvent to produce an optically active 3-halogenocarboxylic acid ester which is then reacted with an azide salt represented by the formula: MN 3 (wherein M is an alkaline metal) in water or a mixture of water and a water soluble organic solvent.

  通过在有机溶剂中，在碱性物质存在下，将光学活性的3-羟基羧酸酯和硫酰卤在一起反应，产生光学活性的3-卤代羧酸酯，然后将其与由公式表示的偶氮盐（其中M是碱性金属）在水或水和水溶性有机溶剂的混合物中反应，从而生产光学活性的3-偶氮基羧酸酯的方法。
• Niacin Receptor Agonists, Compositions Containing Such Compounds and Methods of Treatment
  申请人：Colletti L. Steven

  公开号：US20070299101A1

  公开（公告）日：2007-12-27

  The present invention relates to niacin receptor agonists of formula: (I); as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates. The compounds are useful for treating dyslipidemias, and in particular, reducing serum LDL, VLDL and triglycerides, and raising HDL levels. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment are also included.

  本发明涉及公式（I）的烟酸受体激动剂，以及药学上可接受的盐和溶剂。这些化合物对于治疗脂质代谢异常，特别是降低血清低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、超低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）和三酰甘油，并提高高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平是有用的。还包括药物组合物和治疗方法。
• Process for the oligomerization of ethylene
  申请人：GULF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY

  公开号：EP0046329A1

  公开（公告）日：1982-02-24

  Ethylene is oligomerized by contacting ethylene under oligomerization conditions with a nickel ylide defined by the following Formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are either alike or different members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl radicals having from about one to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about one to about 10 carbon atoms; aryl radicals having from about six to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about six to about 10 carbon atoms; alkenyl radicals having from about two to about 30 carbons atoms, preferably from about two to about 20 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl radicals having from about three to about 40 carbon atoms, preferably from about three to about 30 carbon atoms; aralkyl and alkaryl radicals having from about six to about 40 carbon atoms, preferably from about six to about 30 carbon atoms; a halogen radical selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably chlorine; a hydroxyl group; an alkoxy or aryloxy group; and a hydrocarbyl group, such as defined above, carrying halogen, hydroxyl or alkoxy or aryloxy; provided that at least one, preferably from about one to about four, of each of R1, to R8 is a sulfonato group (-SO3-) or an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or alkaryl group carrying a sulfonato group; M is sulfur or oxygen, preferably oxygen; E is phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or nitrogen, preferably phosphorus; and F is phosphorus, arsenic or antimony, preferably phosphorus. This process is characterized by a relatively high reaction rate at low temperatures and pressures and results in the production of relatively high proportions of desirable trimer, tetramer, pentamer, and higher olefinic products.

  在低聚条件下，将乙烯与下式 I 所定义的镍酰亚胺接触，可使乙烯低聚： 其中 R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7 和 R8 要么是相同的成员，要么是不同的成员，它们选自由氢、具有约 1 至约 24 个碳原子（最好是约 1 至约 10 个碳原子）的烷基、具有约 6 至约 20 个碳原子（最好是约 6 至约 10 个碳原子）的芳基组成的组；具有约 2 至约 30 个碳原子，最好是约 2 至约 20 个碳原子的烯基； 具有约 3 至约 40 个碳原子，最好是约 3 至约 30 个碳原子的环烷基； 具有约 6 至约 40 个碳原子，最好是约 6 至约 30 个碳原子的芳基和烷芳基；从氟、氯、溴和碘（最好是氯）组成的组中选出的卤素基；羟基；烷氧基或芳氧基；以及烃基，如上文所定义的，带有卤素、羟基或烷氧基或芳氧基的烃基；R1至R8中至少有一个，最好是约一个至约四个，是磺酸基（-SO3-）或带有磺酸基的烷基、芳基、烯基、环烷基、芳基或烷芳基；M是硫或氧，最好是氧；E是磷、砷、锑或氮，最好是磷；F是磷、砷或锑，最好是磷。该工艺的特点是在低温低压下反应速度相对较快，可生产出比例相对较高的理想三聚体、四聚体、五聚体和更高的烯烃产品。
• Nickel ylides
  申请人：GULF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY

  公开号：EP0046331A2

  公开（公告）日：1982-02-24

  A new group of nickel ylides is provided that is highly active at relatively low operating temperatures and pressures in the oligomerization of ethylene. The compounds can be defined by the following Formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are either alike or different members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl radicals having from about one to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about one to about 10 carbon atoms; aryl radicals having from about six to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about six to about 10 carbon atoms; alkenyl radicals having from about two to about 30 carbons atoms, preferably from about two to about 20 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl radicals having from about three to about 40 carbon atoms, preferably from about three to about 30 carbon atoms; aralkyl and alkaryl radicals having from about six to about 40 carbon atoms, preferably from about six to about 30 carbon atoms; a halogen radical selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably chlorine; a hydroxyl group; an alkoxy or aryloxy group; and a hydrocarbyl group, such as defined above, carrying halogen, hydroxyl or alkoxy or aryloxy; provided that at least one, preferably from about one to about four, of each of R1 to R8 is a sulfonato group (-SO3-) or an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or alkaryl group carrying a sulfonato group; M is sulfur or oxygen, preferably oxygen; E is phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or nitrogen, preferably phosphorus; and F is phosphorus, arsenic or antimony, preferably phosphorus.

  本研究提供了一组新的镍酰化物，在相对较低的工作温度和压力下，它们在乙烯的低聚过程中具有很高的活性。这些化合物可以用下式 I 来定义： 其中 R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7 和 R8 要么是相同的成员，要么是不同的成员，它们选自氢、具有约 1 至约 24 个碳原子的烷基，最好是具有约 1 至约 10 个碳原子的烷基；具有约 6 至约 20 个碳原子的芳基，最好是具有约 6 至约 10 个碳原子的芳基；具有约 2 至约 30 个碳原子，最好是约 2 至约 20 个碳原子的烯基； 具有约 3 至约 40 个碳原子，最好是约 3 至约 30 个碳原子的环烷基； 具有约 6 至约 40 个碳原子，最好是约 6 至约 30 个碳原子的芳基和烷芳基；从氟、氯、溴和碘（最好是氯）组成的组中选出的卤素基；羟基；烷氧基或芳氧基；以及烃基，如上文所定义的，带有卤素、羟基或烷氧基或芳氧基的烃基；条件是 R1 至 R8 中至少有一个（最好是约一个至约四个）是磺酸基（-SO3-）或带有磺酸基的 烷基、芳基、烯基、环烷基、芳基或烷芳基；M 是硫或氧，最好是氧；E 是磷、砷、锑或氮，最好是磷；F 是磷、砷或锑，最好是磷。
• Process for the oligomerization of ethylene in methanol
  申请人：GULF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY

  公开号：EP0046328A1

  公开（公告）日：1982-02-24

  Ethylene is oligomerized by reacting ethylene in methanol under oligomerization conditions in contact with a nickel ylide defined by the following Formula I: wherein R,, R2, R3, R4, Rs, R6, R7 and Ra are either alike or different members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl radicals having from about one to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about one to about 10 carbon atoms; aryl radicals having from about six to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about six to about 10 carbon atoms; alkenyl radicals having from about two to about 30 carbons atoms, preferably from about two to about 20 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl radicals having from about three to about 40 carbon atoms, preferably from about three to about 30 carbon atoms; aralkyl and alkaryl radicals having from about six to about 40 carbon atoms, preferably from about six to about 30 carbon atoms; a halogen radical selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably chlorine; a hydroxyl group; an alkoxy or aryloxy group; and a hydrocarbyl group, such as defined above, carrying halogen, hydroxyl or alkoxy or aryloxy; provided that at least one, preferably from about one to about four, of each of R, to Rs is a sulfonato group (-SO3- ) or an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or alkaryl group carrying a sulfonato group; M is sulfur or oxygen, preferably oxygen; E is phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or nitrogen, preferably phosphorus; and F is phosphorus; arsernic or antimony, preferably phosphorus. There is thus obtained a reaction product containing (A) a methanol phase having dissolved therein the nickel ylide catalyst and (B) an alpha olefin phase. These two phases are then separated from each other to recover the alpha olefin phase. The use of methanol as the solvent medium causes the reaction product to resolve itself into two phases, an upper phase containing most of the oligomer product and a lower methanol phase carrying the catalyst dissolved therein. This permits easy separation of the product from the reaction mixture and also permits effective recycle of methanol with dissolved catalyst. The product obtained contains normal alpha olefins having from about four to about 100 carbon atoms, generally from about four to about 50 carbon atoms.

  在低聚条件下，乙烯在甲醇中与由下式 I 定义的镍酰亚胺发生反应，从而使乙烯低聚： 其中 R、R2、R3、R4、Rs、R6、R7 和 Ra 是相同或不同的成员，选自氢、具有约 1 至约 24 个碳原子（最好是约 1 至约 10 个碳原子）的烷基、具有约 6 至约 20 个碳原子（最好是约 6 至约 10 个碳原子）的芳基组成的组；具有约 2 至约 30 个碳原子，最好是约 2 至约 20 个碳原子的烯基； 具有约 3 至约 40 个碳原子，最好是约 3 至约 30 个碳原子的环烷基； 具有约 6 至约 40 个碳原子，最好是约 6 至约 30 个碳原子的芳基和烷芳基；从氟、氯、溴和碘（最好是氯）组成的组中选出的卤素基；羟基；烷氧基或芳氧基；以及烃基，如上文所定义的，带有卤素、羟基或烷氧基或芳氧基的烃基；条件是 R、Rs 至 Rs 中至少有一个（最好是约一个至约四个）是磺酰基（-SO3-）或带有磺酰基的 烷基、芳基、烯基、环烷基、芳基或烷芳基；M 是硫或氧，最好是氧；E 是磷、砷、锑或氮，最好是磷；F 是磷、砷或锑，最好是磷。这样就得到了一种反应产物，其中包含（A）甲醇相（其中溶解了镍催化剂）和（B）α-烯烃相。然后将这两相分离，回收α-烯烃相。使用甲醇作为溶剂介质可使反应产物分解成两相，上相含有大部分低聚物产物，下相为甲醇相，其中溶解有催化剂。这样就可以很容易地从反应混合物中分离出产物，还可以有效地回收甲醇和溶解的催化剂。得到的产品含有碳原子数从 4 个到 100 个不等的普通α-烯烃，碳原子数一般从 4 个到 50 个不等。