2-Iminooxetane Chemistry. 4. Synthesis of .beta.-Substituted Propionamides
摘要:
beta-substituted propionamides (RCHXCR(1)R(2)CONHAr) were synthesized in high yields by addition of protic and aprotic Lewis acids (C6H5SO3H, CF3COOH, CH3COOH, HI, MgBr2, ZnI2, CH3OH, H2O,2,4,6-(NO2)(3)C6H2OH) to 2-iminooxetanes. Studies on the stereochemistry of the acid addition to unsymmetrically C3,C4-monosubstituted 2-iminooxetanes indicate that product distribution depends on the steric and electronic nature of the substitutents of the oxetane moiety as well as on the nucleophilicity of the conjugate base derived from the acid.
2-Iminooxetanes (1), generated by lanthanide-catalyzed heterocycloaddition of aldehydes to ketene imines, are versatile synthons for beta-lactams (2) and for beta-keto amides (3). Conversion of 1 into 2 and 3 can be accomplished by either lanthanide-induced or oxidative (DMSO) ring opening, respectively.
2-Iminooxetane chemistry. 3. Synthesis of .beta.-hydroxy amides
Beta-Hydroxy amides were synthesized by hydrolysis of the corresponding 2-iminooxetanes, which were prepared in a very simple step by lanthanide-catalyzed cycloaddition of aldehydes to ketene imines. The stereochemical outcome of the hydrolysis, performed under neutral (DMSO/H2O) or acidic (H2SO4/H2O) conditions, depends on the steric and electronic nature of the substituents, which play a crucial role in the ring-opening mechanism. Experiments done with O-18-labeled water showed that two alternatives are possible: one involving ring opening of the oxetane at the C4-O bond, the other involving ring opening at the C2-O bond.
2-Iminooxetane chemistry. 2. General synthesis from ketene imine-aldehyde cycloadditions
beta-substituted propionamides (RCHXCR(1)R(2)CONHAr) were synthesized in high yields by addition of protic and aprotic Lewis acids (C6H5SO3H, CF3COOH, CH3COOH, HI, MgBr2, ZnI2, CH3OH, H2O,2,4,6-(NO2)(3)C6H2OH) to 2-iminooxetanes. Studies on the stereochemistry of the acid addition to unsymmetrically C3,C4-monosubstituted 2-iminooxetanes indicate that product distribution depends on the steric and electronic nature of the substitutents of the oxetane moiety as well as on the nucleophilicity of the conjugate base derived from the acid.