This is a summary of an investigation of the tributyltin hydride-induced cyclization reactions of unsaturated ketones with electronically deficient olefins. This reaction was initiated by an O-stannyl ketyl formed by the addition of a tributyltin radical to a carbonyl, which has both anionic and radical character. The intramolecular coupling produced functionalized cyclopentanes, bearing two synthetically useful carbon appendages. An activating or electron-withdrawing function on the alkene was essential to the cyclization. A dilution study revealed that excellent anti stereoselectivities (>50:1) could be achieved, and this was attributed to a reversible cyclization. Another goal of this study was to separate the radical reactivity from the anionic reactivity of the O-stannyl ketyl by the participation of labile functional groups and external electrophiles. The presence of minor products and enolate-trapping studies demonstrated that the anionic character of the ketyl could be utilized in the form of a tin enolate. This work represents the first free radical- and reagent-based approach to the study of the intramolecular hydrodimerization of activated alkenes.
Nickel-Catalyzed Organozinc-Promoted Carbocyclizations of Electron-Deficient Alkenes with Tethered Unsaturation
作者:John Montgomery、Eric Oblinger、Alexey V. Savchenko
DOI:10.1021/ja9702125
日期:1997.5.1
A nickel-catalyzed method for cyclizations of electron-deficient alkenes with tethered unsaturation in the presence of organozincs was developed. Considerable flexibility in the structure of each reactive component was observed. Enones, alkylidene malonates, unsaturated β-ketoesters, and nitroalkenes participated as the electron-deficient alkene; alkynes, enones, 1,3-dienes, and aldehydes participated
开发了一种镍催化的方法,用于在有机锌存在下对具有束缚不饱和度的缺电子烯烃进行环化。观察到每个反应组件的结构具有相当大的灵活性。烯酮、亚烷基丙二酸酯、不饱和β-酮酯和硝基烯烃作为缺电子烯烃参与;炔烃、烯酮、1,3-二烯和醛作为系链不饱和键参与;以及各种 sp2 和 sp3 杂化的有机锌,包括那些具有 β-氢的有机锌,作为亲核组分参与其中。底物结构、有机锌结构和配体结构都在决定产物选择性方面发挥了重要作用。具有特殊合成意义的是从普通炔烃制备 E 或 Z 三或四取代烯烃的机会。
The development of a new catalytic process: Bu3SnH-catalyzed reductive cyclization of enals and enones
作者:David S Hays、Gregory C Fu
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00446-9
日期:1999.7
By sequencing two known reactions, a new catalytic carbon-carbon bond-forming process, the Bu3SnH-catalyzed, PhSiH3-mediated reductive cyclization of enals and enones, has been developed. The addition of EtOH to the reactions leads to reproducibly good yields of the cyclized products; a rationale for including this additive is provided.
A Cooperative Hydrogen-Bond-Promoted Organophotoredox Catalysis Strategy for Highly Diastereoselective, Reductive Enone Cyclization
作者:Matthias Neumann、Kirsten Zeitler
DOI:10.1002/chem.201204573
日期:2013.5.27
Metal‐free cooperation: The cooperative combination of Eosin Y as a photoredox catalyst with organocatalytic thiourea allows for the highlydiastereoselective construction of trans‐1,2‐cycloalkanes and heterocycles. This new efficient, cooperativeorganophotoredox/organocatalysis protocol presents a valuable alternative to metal‐based photoredox approaches and is the first example of combining photoredox